Transfusion Therapy Flashcards
What is another word for transfusion?
Transplantation
What is decreased by Leukocyte reduced RBCs?
Febrile Nonhemolytic Trans Reac
Immunization of WBC antigens
Transmission of Cytomegalovirus
What can patients who have severe allergic (anaphylactic) trans reacts to regular RBCs benefit from?
Receiving washed RBCs
How much will one unit of Plateletpharesis increase PLT count to?
20,000 to 60,000/uL
What do neonates have trouble with due to their limited bone marrow?
Controlling infections
Impaired leukocyte/granulocyte function
What is Immune globulin prepared from?
Pooled Plasma
IgG
What are some examples of Immune Globulin?
RhoGam
Hep B immune globulin
Hyper immune Globulin (Varicella zoster, rabies, mumps)
What can we use albumin to treat?
Burn patients
Replaces colloid pressure
How much does one unit of whole blood increase hematocrit and hemoglobin for an adult?
Hematocrit: 3% increase
Hemoglobin: 1 g/dL increase
How much does one unit of whole blood increase hematocrit and hemoglobin for pediatrics?
Hematocrit: 6%-9% increase
Hemoglobin: 2 - 3 g/dL increase
How can we prevent graft-versus-host disease?
Using gamma radiation on blood components
What is known as T lymphocytes losing their mitogenic or blastogenic capacity rendering the donor T cells immune incompetent?
Irradiated Cellular Blood Components
What does HLA stand for and what is it comprised of?
Human Leukocyte Antigen
35 - 40 genes (3 regions)
Chromosome 6
What are the two groups HLA antibodies can be divided into?
Detect a single HLA gene product
Detect more than one HLA product
What happens if HLA and MHC molecules are not matched up correctly?
Rejection of recipient blood
Graft versus host disease
What is the definition of a transfusion reaction?
Any adverse event that occurs during or after transfusion of whole blood, components, or plasma
Who has a 1 in 4 chance of being HLA identical?
Siblings
What are the advantages and disadvantages of autologous transfusion?
Advantage: reduces trans reacts
Disadvantage: Expensive, time consuming
Who do we use emergency transfusions for?
Patients that are rapidly/uncontrollably bleeding
What is defined as replacement of one or more blood volumes within 24 hours, or about 10 units in an adult?
Massive Transfusion
What represents the main cause of transfusion related deaths and acute hemolytic trans reacts?
Clerical Errors
When do we classify a reaction as acute?
If it occurs within 24 hours
When do we determine that a reaction is delayed?
If the reaction occurred after 24 hours
What are signs/symptoms of Immediate/Acute hemolytic trans react?
Feeling of impending doom
Pain
Renal failure
Intravascular hemolysis
