Transfusion therapy Flashcards
What is the universal donor
O
What is the universal receiver
AB
What factors may cause your antigens to change
Malignancy
thalassemia
What reaction occurs in the body if different antigens are infused
hemolysis (immune reaction)
What defines a mass transfusion
10+ units in 24 hours
What is the most commonly transfused product
PRBCs
(Packed RBCs)
What are packed red blood cells
Plasma is removed
*Used to raise hgb/blood volume
When are leukocyte reduced red blood cells used
Reduce risk of immune reaction
What are washed red blood cells and when are they used
They are washed with saline to remove residual plasma, WBCs, antibodies, and cytokines
Used to reduce incidence of transfusion reactions
What are frozen deglycerolized RBCs and why are they used
Glycerol added to PRBCs to protect against cell lysis
What are irradiated RBCs and what is their purpose
PRBCs subject to radiation
used to prevent allogenic immune reactions
What patient populations need irritated RBCs
Immunosuppressed
Stem cell / BM transplant
Intrauterine transfusion
Premies
1st degree relative donors
What is FFP
Fresh frozen plasma
*spun down from whole blood
What is the purpose of FFP
Provides coagulation factors
-vitamin K
-Factor 5
What are indications of using FFP
Abnormal PT/INR
coag factor deficiency
urgent warfarin reversal
What is Cyroprecipitate and what is its purpose
Fibrinogen, VWF, Factors 8&13
*only product that replaced fibrinogen
Which patients can you not give platelets to
ITP
TTP
HIT
What are the types of possible transfusion reactions
Non-hemolytic
Hemolytic
What is the cause of a non-hemolytic reaction
Allergic
bacterial contamination
*likely from cytokines
*1-6 hours post transfusion
What type of transfusion is more likely to cause an allergic reaction
FFP
Platelets
*usually manifests as hives / rash
What causes Acute hemolytic reactions
Transfusing ABO incompatible blood
What is diagnostic for Acute hemolytic reactions
positive Coombs test
What are some symptoms of an acute hemolytic reaction
Pain at transfusion site
Facial flushing
Back / chest pain
How will a delayed hemolytic reaction present
Fever
jaundice
extravascular hemolysis
When do transfusion related acute lung injuries (TRALI) occur
Within 6 hours
What does TRALI cause
Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
What typically causes a transfusion associated cardiac overload (TACO)
Rapid transfusion
*present within 6 hours
Who is at an increase risk of TACO
CHF
CKD
When do transfusion related graft-vs-host disease occur
2-30 days after transfusion
*nearly 100% fatal
How will people with transfusion related graft-vs-host disease present
hepatitis
lymphadenopathy
pancytopenia
Diarrhea
rash
fever
