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2 Path Unit > Transfusion Medicine 1 > Flashcards

Transfusion Medicine 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 reasons provided for transfusing blood components vs. whole blood?

A
  • Conservation of blood resources

- Storage of each component at optimal conditions

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2
Q

RBCs are stored in _ to extend their shelf life

A

Preservative solutions

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3
Q

What is the major determinant of RBCs delf life?

A

The preservative solution chosen

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4
Q

What is the optimal storage temperature for RBCs?

A

1-6 degrees C

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5
Q

What is the indication for RBC transfusion?

A

Anemia with compromised clinical status

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6
Q

True or false, RBC are frequently used as volume expanders, especially in immunocompromised patients

A

FALSE!! Use crystalloid or colloid instead

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7
Q

One unit of RBC will increase an adults hemoglobin by _ g/dl. What about a child?

A

Adult (1g/dl) and pediatric (2g/dl)

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8
Q

A patient with A blood can receive what type of blood (transfusion)?

A

A or O

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9
Q

A person w/ B blood can receive what type of blood?

A

B or O

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10
Q

A person w/ AB blood can receive what type of blood?

A

AB, A, B or O

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11
Q

A person w/ O blood can receive what type of blood?

A

O

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12
Q

What is the major reason for matching up blood during transfusion?

A

Prevents immune hemolysis

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13
Q

For storage, platelets are suspended in _

A

Plasma

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14
Q

Platelets can be obtained form either a single donor or pooled. What are the advantages of single donor platelets? (2)

A

Decreased risk of disease transmission and decreased risk of immunization with platelet antigens

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15
Q

Platelets are pooled from how many blood donors to equal a single apheresis platelet donor?

A

Blood from 6-8 donors

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16
Q

What is the shelf life of platelets and how are they stored?

A

5 day shelf life, stored at room temp (20-24 degrees)

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17
Q

T/F. In cases of quantitative deficiencies, platelets are indicated to stop bleeding or to prevent bleeding before a proceedure

A

True

18
Q

T/F in cases of qualitative deficiencies, platelets are indicated for congenital platelet dysfunction syndromes or when a patient has been treated w/ a drug that inactivates platelets

A

True

19
Q

What are the 2 examples from this lecture of congenital platelet dysfunction diseases?

A

Bernard Soulier and Glanzmann’s thrombastenia

20
Q

I unit of platelets will Increase platelet counts by how much in a child? In an adult?

A

Child (140K/ul) and adult (30K/ul)

21
Q

T/F. Platelets are only transfused if they were obtained from a donor of the same blood type as the receipient

A

False. Matched blood types ideal but not essential

22
Q

Granulocytes for transfusion are usually contaminated w/ what 3 things?

A

RBCs, platelets and lymphocytes

23
Q

What is the shelf life for granulocytes? How are they stored?

A

24 hr shelf life, stored at room temp (20-24 degrees)

24
Q

What are the indications for granulocyte infusion?

A

Bacterial or fungal infection unresponsive toantibiotics AND
•Neutropenia (WBC <500/μL) or
•Hereditary neutrophil function defect

25
Q

What is the dosing regimen for granulocytes? What detemines when you stop administering granulocytes?

A

1 unit per day until infection resolves or WBC level recover.

26
Q

T/F granulocyte infusions must be blood type compatible. Why?

A

True, because granulocytes are contaminated with RBCs

27
Q

T/F granulocytes infusions significantly raise WBC counts

A

False, hard to substantially change WBC count

28
Q

The acellular blood component is referred to as _. What is its shelf life and how is it stored?

A

Plasma, stored frozen for up to 1 year

29
Q

How long is thawed plasma good for? How is thawed plasma stored?

A

Good for 5 days, stored at 1-6 degrees C

30
Q

When plasma is thawed, what 2 factors are degraded after 24 hrs

A

Factors V and VIII

31
Q

What are the 2 indications of plasma?

A

1) Multiple coagulation factor deficiencies AND current bleeding / planned proceedure 2) Congenital factor deficiency w/ our concentrate available (Factor 10)

32
Q

There is a logarithmic relationship between plasma coagulation factor concentration and INR. How does this affect infusion rates?

A

Need to infuse plasma fast, as a bolus

33
Q

What are the major components of cryoprecipitate?

A

Factor XIII, fibrinogen, VWF and Factor 8

34
Q

How is cryoprecipitate made?

A

Centrifuge thawed plasma, retain precipitate, redissolve and freeze

35
Q

What are the 2 current indications of cryoprecipitate?

A

1) Fibrinogen deficiency + bleeding or planned proceedure 2) Congenital deficiency of factor 13

36
Q

What are the 2 types of blood products that can undergo leukocyte reduction?

A

RBCs and platelets

37
Q

What are 3 reasons to for leukocyte reduction?

A

1) CMV infection, 2) Ab formation vs HLA Ag expressed on WBC3) Febrile reactions to transfusion (caused by cytokines in products)

38
Q

What are the 3 types of blood products that can undergo irradiation?

A

RBCs, granulocytes and platelets

39
Q

What is the indication of irradiation of blood products?

A

Prevention of transfusion associated graft vs. host disease (GVHD) by preventing lymphocyte proliferation

40
Q

Quality of what 2 blood products are adversely affected by washing?

A

Platelets and granulocytes

41
Q

What is the indication of washing of a blood product? (2)

A

Reduce risk of allergic reaction and to remove excess potassium from RBCs

42
Q

Under what circumstances would RBCs be frozen?

A

Performed for RBC lacking common RBC Ag (rare blood types), increases shelf life to 10 yrs

2 Path Unit (14 decks)

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