10/30-Congenital Heart Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of congenital heart diseases are multifactorial (genetic + environmental?)

A

90%

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2
Q

What is the most common congenital heart defect?

A

VSD (33%)
ASD, PS, tetralogy, PDA (33%)
All other types 33%

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3
Q

T/F- increase in pulmonary flow (ASD) is well tolerated by pulmonary vessels where as an increase in pulmonary BP (VSD) is not well tolerated by pulmonary vessels

A

true

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4
Q

definition, location, and features of atrial septal defect?

A
  • interatrial opening present throughout cardiac cycle
  • fossa ovalis
  • may be asymptomatic until adulthood, plexiform lesions in <10%
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5
Q

definition, location, and features of ventricular septal defect?

A
  • interventricular opening between LV and RV
  • at membrane septum (90%)
  • -for large, un-operated VSD’s plexiform lesions develop in 100% but none will develop in small lesions
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6
Q

T/F- muscular VSD is usually small and spontaneous closure generally occurs via fibrous adhesions so most won’t need surgery

A

true

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7
Q

T/F- membranous VSD is usually a large defect and surgical closure is often required by age 2

A

true

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8
Q

What are the two types of atrioventricular septal defects?

A
  • Partial (primum ADS & cleft MV with MR)

- Complete (AVSD & common AV valve)

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9
Q

Atrioventricular septal defect is strongly associated with what syndrome?

A

down syndrome (40%)

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10
Q

When does functional closure normal occur in the ductus arteriousus?

A

functional (within 12 hrs of birth)

structural (within 3 months of birth)

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11
Q

T/F- the L=>R shunt reverses to R=>L in severe pulmonary hypertension

A

true

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12
Q

What is pulmonary stenosis?

A

PV obstruction due to hypoplasia, dysplasia, or abnormal number of cusps. May be asymptomatic until adulthood.

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13
Q

What are secondary cardiac effects of pulmonary stenosis?

A

pulmonary artery dilatation and RVH and RA dilatation

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14
Q

What is aortic stenosis?

A

AV obstruction due to hypoplasia, dysplasia, or abnormal number of cusps

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15
Q

T/F- critical aortic stenosis is usually not symptomatic until later in life

A

False, severe stenosis symptomatic at birth

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16
Q

What are cardiac effects of aortic stenosis?

A

LV hypertrophy and left atrium dilatation

17
Q

What is coarctation of the aorta?

A

ridge-like indentation of distal aortic arch, across from ductus arteriosus

18
Q

What are the 2 types of coarctation of the aorta?

A
with PDA (infantile)
without PDA (adult)
19
Q

T/F- Bicuspid AV is present in 50% and rib notching is often apparent on X-ray in pts with aortic coarctation

20
Q

What are the four main characteristics of tetralogy of Fallot?

A

VSD
Subpulmonary stenosis
Overriding aorta
RV hypertrophy

21
Q

What are the three types of tetralogy of fallot? What are these based on?

A

pink, classic, PA-VSD

based on severity of sub pulmonary stenosis

22
Q

T/F- Tetralogy of fallot is the most common form of cyanotic CHD

23
Q

T/F- In transposition of great arteries, the aorta originates from the RV and the PA from the LV

24
Q

What is truncus arteriosus?

A

origin of aorta and PA from tranquil artery, large VSD present in most

25
Which genetic disease if truncus arteriosus commonly associated with?
DiGeorge syndrome
26
T/F- plexiform lesions generally don't develop in unoperated truncus arteriosus
False, most will develop plexiform lesions if unoperated
27
What is ebstein anomaly of TV?
adherent septal and posterior leaflets, redundant anterior leaflet, and dilated annulus, with tricuspid regurgitation
28
Secondary effects on the heart of ebstein anomaly?
RV and RA dilatation
29
T/F- Ebstein anomaly of TV is associated with wolf-parkinson-white
true