10/30-Congenital Heart Disease Flashcards
What percentage of congenital heart diseases are multifactorial (genetic + environmental?)
90%
What is the most common congenital heart defect?
VSD (33%)
ASD, PS, tetralogy, PDA (33%)
All other types 33%
T/F- increase in pulmonary flow (ASD) is well tolerated by pulmonary vessels where as an increase in pulmonary BP (VSD) is not well tolerated by pulmonary vessels
true
definition, location, and features of atrial septal defect?
- interatrial opening present throughout cardiac cycle
- fossa ovalis
- may be asymptomatic until adulthood, plexiform lesions in <10%
definition, location, and features of ventricular septal defect?
- interventricular opening between LV and RV
- at membrane septum (90%)
- -for large, un-operated VSD’s plexiform lesions develop in 100% but none will develop in small lesions
T/F- muscular VSD is usually small and spontaneous closure generally occurs via fibrous adhesions so most won’t need surgery
true
T/F- membranous VSD is usually a large defect and surgical closure is often required by age 2
true
What are the two types of atrioventricular septal defects?
- Partial (primum ADS & cleft MV with MR)
- Complete (AVSD & common AV valve)
Atrioventricular septal defect is strongly associated with what syndrome?
down syndrome (40%)
When does functional closure normal occur in the ductus arteriousus?
functional (within 12 hrs of birth)
structural (within 3 months of birth)
T/F- the L=>R shunt reverses to R=>L in severe pulmonary hypertension
true
What is pulmonary stenosis?
PV obstruction due to hypoplasia, dysplasia, or abnormal number of cusps. May be asymptomatic until adulthood.
What are secondary cardiac effects of pulmonary stenosis?
pulmonary artery dilatation and RVH and RA dilatation
What is aortic stenosis?
AV obstruction due to hypoplasia, dysplasia, or abnormal number of cusps
T/F- critical aortic stenosis is usually not symptomatic until later in life
False, severe stenosis symptomatic at birth
What are cardiac effects of aortic stenosis?
LV hypertrophy and left atrium dilatation
What is coarctation of the aorta?
ridge-like indentation of distal aortic arch, across from ductus arteriosus
What are the 2 types of coarctation of the aorta?
with PDA (infantile) without PDA (adult)
T/F- Bicuspid AV is present in 50% and rib notching is often apparent on X-ray in pts with aortic coarctation
true
What are the four main characteristics of tetralogy of Fallot?
VSD
Subpulmonary stenosis
Overriding aorta
RV hypertrophy
What are the three types of tetralogy of fallot? What are these based on?
pink, classic, PA-VSD
based on severity of sub pulmonary stenosis
T/F- Tetralogy of fallot is the most common form of cyanotic CHD
true
T/F- In transposition of great arteries, the aorta originates from the RV and the PA from the LV
true
What is truncus arteriosus?
origin of aorta and PA from tranquil artery, large VSD present in most
Which genetic disease if truncus arteriosus commonly associated with?
DiGeorge syndrome
T/F- plexiform lesions generally don’t develop in unoperated truncus arteriosus
False, most will develop plexiform lesions if unoperated
What is ebstein anomaly of TV?
adherent septal and posterior leaflets, redundant anterior leaflet, and dilated annulus, with tricuspid regurgitation
Secondary effects on the heart of ebstein anomaly?
RV and RA dilatation
T/F- Ebstein anomaly of TV is associated with wolf-parkinson-white
true
