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3 HAEM > TRANSFUSION > Flashcards

TRANSFUSION Flashcards

1
Q

what are the minimum criteria for blood donors

A 
Hb
- 135 g/L men
- 125 g/L women 
weight 
- 50 kg
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2
Q

donated blood is tested for which infections

A

HIV
Hep B/C/E
HTLV
syphilis

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3
Q

how are red cells stored

A

4 degrees for 35 days

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4
Q

how is FFP stored

A

-30 degrees for 3 years

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5
Q

how are platelets stored

A

22 degrees for 7 days with agitation to prevent clotting

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6
Q

what its he deference between blood components and blood products

A

blood components come from a single donor

blood products are combined from as many as 200 donors

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7
Q

what are red cell components

A

red cells
FFP
platelets
cryoprecipitate

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8
Q

examples of blood products

A 
anti-D Ig
prothrombin complex concentrate 
IV Ig
human albumin 
specific Ig
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9
Q

what are the two most important blood group systems

A

ABO

Rh

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10
Q

which chromosome is responsible for producing the antigens of the ABO system

A

chromosome 9

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11
Q

what do the A and B genes on chromosome code for

A

transferases which modify precursor called H substance on red cell membranes

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12
Q

what is the most common ABO blood type

A

O

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13
Q

what is the least common blood type

A

AB

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14
Q

what does Landsteiner;s law state

A

when an individual lacks the A or B antigen the corresponding antibody is produced in their plasma

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15
Q

how does the body produce antibodies to the lacking A or B antigen

A

bacteria express similar antigens on their membranes which causes the body to produce anti-A or anti-B antibodies

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16
Q

what effect do anti-A or anti-B antibodies have on red cells

A

cause haemolysis if red cells express that antigen

17
Q

which antibodies are present in a person with type A blood

A

anti-B

18
Q

which antibodies are present in a person with type B blood

A

anti-A

19
Q

which antibodies are present in a person with type AB blood

A

neither

20
Q

which antibodies are present in a person with type O blood

A

anti-A and anti-B

21
Q

people with type O blood can receive donor blood from which groups

A

O

22
Q

people with type A blood can receive donor blood from which groups

A

O

A

23
Q

people with type B blood can receive donor blood from which groups

A

O

B

24
Q

people with type AB blood can receive donor blood from which groups

A

O
A
B
AB

25
Q

is the majority of the population Rh positive or negative?

A

Rh positive

26
Q

why is the Rh system important

A

it is very immunogenic

it can cause transfusion reactions and haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn

27
Q

how can individuals become sensitised stocks exposure to foreign antigens

A

pregnancy

transfusion

28
Q

what is antisera and why is it used

A

reagents with known antibody specificity to identify antigens present on the red cell

29
Q

what are reagent red cells are why are they used

A

red cells with known antigen specificity to identify antibodies present in the plasma

30
Q

how is ABO/D grouping carried out

A

patients red cells are tested with anti-A, anti-B and anti-D antisera
(identify antigens on red cells)
patient’s plasma is tested against reagent red cells of group A and group B
(identify antibodies in the plasma)

31
Q

how is the presence of other antibodies in the plasma tested for

A

indirect antiglobulin test

  • reagent red cells expressing known antigens
  • add patient plasma
  • add anti-human globulin
  • look for agglutination
32
Q

how does anti-human globulin show the presence of antibodies in a patient’s plasma

A

it binds to antibodies that are bound to red cells to cause agglutination
i.e. only causes agglutination if there are other antibodies present in the plasma

33
Q

how is donor blood crossmatched with patient blood

A

patient plasma is added to donor red cells
anti-human globulin is added
look for agglutination

34
Q

what are indications for red cell transfusion

A 
symptomatic anaemia (Hb <70 g/L0
major bleeding
35
Q

indications for platelet transfusion

A

prophylaxis in patients with bone marrow failure and very low platelet counts
treatment of bleeding in thrombocytopaenic patient
prophylaxis prior to surgery/procedure in thrombocytopaenic patient

36
Q

indications for FFP transfusion

A

treatment of bleeding in patient with coagulopathy
prophylaxis prior to surgery or procedure in patient with coagulopathy
management of massive haemorrhage
transfuse early in trauma

37
Q

what monitoring should be carried out during transfusion

A

observations before blood transfusion
observations at 15 minutes
observations within 60 minutes of completion

3 HAEM (20 decks)

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