Transfusiom Transmitted Diseases Flashcards
What must a donor pass for us to perform a number of serological tests?
The medical screen and donor questionnaire
What can Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) be used to detect?
Non-A & Non-B Hepatitis
How long do HAV symptoms last?
<2 months but may persist up to 6
Most common form of hepatitis
When is HAV shed?
In the feces during the 28 day incubation period
When is the HBsAg detectable?
2-12 weeks after exposure
12-20 weeks becomes undetectable
What can prevent transmission of HBV?
Heat inactivation
How can HCV be transmitted?
Needle stick/Tattoo/Piercing
Human bite
Transfusion/Transplant
Sex
Razor/toothbrush
How can we prevent HCV?
Blood screens
Universal precautions
Education
What must a patient have to contract HDV?
HBV first
HDV is single stranded RNA virus
What are HIV 1 and 2 recognized as?
Etiologic agents of AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)
How do both HIV 1 & 2 manifest clinically?
Asymptomatic or mild
Chronic lymphadenopathy
Similar to Infectious mononucleosis
When is a patient classified as having AIDS?
When CD4 count is less than 200/uL
What is used for the detection of HIV 1?
EIA
Indirect Immunofluorescence
What is used for the detection of HIV 2?
EIA Combo Test
RNA Nucleic Acid Test (NAT)
What are Anti-p24 and Anti-gp41?
Markers used to detect acute phases of AIDS
What is associated with adult T-cell Lymphoma/leukemia (ATL)?
Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Viruses (HTLV)
Type 1 and 2
What is used to detect HTLV 1 and 2?
EIA
No confirmatory test
How does West Nile Virus (WNV) cause encephalitis, meningitis, or meningoencephalitis?
WNV is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier
How is WNV transmitted?
Mosquitoes feed off infected birds and then bite humans
No licensed treatment
Only supportive therapy
Who is at highest risk of getting a CMV infection?
Fetuses
Allogenic bone marrow recipients
How is CMV most commonly transmitted?
From mother to fetus
What is Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) most associated with and what is another name for it?
“The kissing disease”
Associated with infectious mono
Virus is shed in the saliva
What is Human B19 Parvovirus also known as?
Fifth Disease
Slapped Cheek Syndrome
What are the symptoms of Babesiosis?
Renal Failure
DIC
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Elderly/aslpenic patients
What are symptoms of Trypanosoma Cruzi?
Lymphadenopathy
Myocarditis
Gastrointestinal symptoms
What are the different species Plasmodium can come in?
P. Malaria
P. Falciparum
P. Vivax
P. Ovale
What are symptoms of malaria?
Anemia
Hemolysis
Splenomegaly
How is Malaria transmitted?
Through the bite of a female Anopheles Mosquito
How long are donors who had malaria deferred for?
3 years
How can we treat all four species of Plasmodium?
Chloroquine for chemoprophylaxis
What is considered as a Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE)?
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
What are the forms we can see CJD?
Sporadic (Most common 85% - 90%)
Inherited
Iatrogenic
Variant form
What does CJD result in?
Sponge like lesions in the brain causing fatal neurodegeneration
