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Science PPA > Transfer of thermal energy and its effects > Flashcards

Transfer of thermal energy and its effects Flashcards

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1
Q

What is used to measure temperature?

A

Thermometer

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2
Q

What is the SI unit of temperature?

A

Kelvin (K)

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3
Q

Is there a temperature below zero K? What is this called?

A

0 K is the lowest possible temperature anywhere and is hence called the ABSOLUTE ZERO

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4
Q

What is special about heat?

A

It is not a physical entity and cannot be contained in a body

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5
Q

What is heat?

A

It is the transfer of thermal energy from a region of high temperature to a region of Low temperature. The transfer will stop when both regions have reached the same temperature, also known as thermal equilibrium.

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6
Q

What is temperature?

A

It is the measurement of the average kinetic energy of molecules in a body

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7
Q

What is thermal energy and its SI unit?

A

It is the energy in a body due to its temperature and is measured in Joules (J)

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8
Q

Thermal energy flows from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature until both regions have reached the same temperature. What is this state called?

A

Thermal equilibrium

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9
Q

What happens when object are heated? (Macroscopic view, give general terms)

A

They gain thermal energy and expand

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10
Q

What happens when object are cooled? (Macroscopic view, give general terms)

A

They lose thermal energy and contract.

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11
Q

Rank the three states of matter from the most expandable to the least

A

Gases, liquids, solids

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12
Q

What increases as a substance expands

A

It’s volume

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13
Q

State the formula for density

A

Mass / volume

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14
Q

State the formula for mass

A

Volume x density

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15
Q

State the formula for volume

A

Mass / density

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16
Q

What happens to water when it is cooled below 4 degrees celcius?

A

It expands and changes state to form ice slowly as it hits zero degrees

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17
Q

What does a thermostat contain and what is its function?

A

It contains a bimetallic strip and its function is to keep the temperature in appliances constant.

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18
Q

What is 0 K in degrees celcius?

A

-273 degrees celcius

19
Q

What is ice point? Assigned value?

A

It is the temperature of pure melting ice at a standard atmospheric pressure. It is assigned the value of zero degrees celcius.

20
Q

What is steam point? Assigned value?

A

It is the temperature at which pure boiling water changes into steam at a standard atmospheric pressure. It is assigned the value of 100 degrees celcius.

21
Q

Formula for finding unknown temperature?

A

(Length at unknown
degrees celcius- length at lowest temp)/ length at highest temp- length at lowest temp ) x difference between highest and lowest temps

22
Q

What is the lowest temperature in degrees celcius?

A

-273 degrees celcius

23
Q

What is the absolute zero?

A

It is the lowest possible temperature where all particles stop moving

24
Q

How to find kelvin from celcius and vice versa?

A

(To find Kelvin)— Kelvin is kind so we add 273 to it
(To find Celcius) — celcius is cruel, so we minus 273 from it)

25
Q

Physical property used in electro couple

A

Voltage

26
Q

Physical property used in electric resistor

A

Resistance

27
Q

Physical property used in constant volume gas

A

Pressure

28
Q

Physical property used in liquid in glass

A

Volume

29
Q

What is conduction?

A

Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy through a material without obvious movement of the medium itself

30
Q

How does conduction work?

A

When one end of a rod is heated, the atoms there gain energy and start to vibrate. They collide with the less energetic neighbouring atoms. Upon collision, some of the energy is transferred to these neighbouring atoms causing them to gain kinetic energy and vibrate faster. In this way, thermal energy is conducted throughout the rod.

31
Q

Why are metals better conductors of thermal energy than non-metals?

A

Along with the transfer of thermal energy through particles, thermal energy is also transferred through free electrons in metals. Upon heating, free electrons gain energy and begin to vibrate faster. They are free to travel between the spaces of vibrating particles and colliding with other free electrons and particles, transferring some of its energy to them, causing them to vibrate faster. Since both the process of transfer via free electrons and particles are taking place in metals, the process of the transfer of thermal energy in metals is much faster than that in non-metals. Hence, metals are better conductors of thermal energy than non-metals.

32
Q

Why are solids better conductors of thermal energy than liquids and gases?

A

The particles in solids are packed closer together than in liquids or gases, and hence the transfer of thermal energy through the particles is able to take place faster.

33
Q

Even though styrofoam and wood are solids, why are they poorer conductors of thermal energy than liquids?

A

They contain air pockets and since air is a poorer conductors of thermal energy than liquid, solids such as styrofoam and wood are poorer conductors of thermal energy than liquids

34
Q

Why is a vacuum a good insulator?

A

For conduction to take place, matter should exist for thermal energy to be transferred. Since a vacuum does not contain any matter, it is a perfect insulator since conduction cannot take place.

35
Q

What is radiation?

A

Radiation is the process by which thermal energy is transferred by electromagnetic waves

36
Q

What is special about radiation that does not apply to conduction and convection?

A

It can take place in a vacuum, it does not require a medium

37
Q

What happens when radiation is absorbed?

A

When absorbed, the energy of infrared radiation is transformed into thermal energy of the receiving body

37
Q

What happens when radiation is absorbed?

A

When absorbed, the energy of infrared radiation is transformed into thermal energy of the receiving body

38
Q

What do all objects have in common in terms of radiation?

A

All objects emit and absorb infrared radiation

39
Q

What is the rate of energy transfer via radiation affected by?

A

It is affected by ACTT— surface area, surface colour and texture, and surface temperature

40
Q

If you are a poor absorber/ radiator, you are a good

A

Reflector

41
Q

If you are a good absorber/ radiator, you are a poor

A

Reflector

42
Q

What is the use of insulators?

A

They reduce the transfer of thermal energy in a house

43
Q

What are double glazed windows?

A

They are 2 sheets of glass and they are filled with air/noble gas

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