Transfer of Learning

Question 1

Who brought about The doctrine of formal discipline?

Answer 1

John Locke

Question 2

What is the The doctrine of formal discipline?

Answer 2

This states that the transfer depends on the amount of effort you put into measuring a task , not the specific skills or information you acquire

Question 3

Who challenged Locke’s assertation on transfer of learning?

Answer 3

Edward L Thorndike and Robert S. Woodworth

Question 4

Who introduced the notion of transfer of practice?

Answer 4

Edward Thorndike and Robert Woodworth

Question 5

What was Transfer of practice based on?

Answer 5

Theory of identical elements

Question 6

What does Theory of identical elements say?

Answer 6

This states that transfer takes place to the extent that the original task is similar to the transfer task

Question 7

What is transfer of learning?

Answer 7

Transfer of learning refers to the application of skills and knowledge learned in one context to another

Question 8

Why is transfer of learning the most important topic in learning according to Deese(1958)?

Answer 8

1. Our reactions to later situations in life are influenced by our previous experiences
2. All educational and training programmes are based on transfer of learning

Question 9

What are the three types of transfer of learning?

Answer 9

1. Positive transfer
2. Negative transfer
3. Zero transfer

Question 10

What is positive transfer?

Answer 10

This is when learning of one task , speeds up the learning of another task or the performance of one task facilitates the performance of a second task

Question 11

What is negative transfer?

Answer 11

This is when learning or experience inhibits learning or performance in a new context

Question 12

What is zero transfer?

Answer 12

This is when learning or performance of one task , has no effect on the learning and performance of another task

Question 13

What are the two main forms of transfer of learning?

Answer 13

1. horizontal transfer

2. vertical transfer

Question 14

What is horizontal transfer ?

Answer 14

This is when the learner stays within the same behavior category in making the transfer

Question 15

What are the types of horizontal transfer?

Answer 15

1. lateral transfer

2. sequential transfer

Question 16

What is lateral transfer?

Answer 16

This is when knowledge and skills specifically taught in school are employed in situations outside

Question 17

What is sequential learning?

Answer 17

This is when learning on level facilitates new learning at a comparable level of behavior

Question 18

What is vertical learning?

Answer 18

This is when learning at one behavioral level facilitates learning at a higher behavioral level

Question 19

What are the three transfer paradigms?

Answer 19

1. A-B A-C(negative transfer)
2. A-Br (negative transfer)
3. A-B.B-C, C-D (positive transfer)

Question 20

What is A-B A-C?

Answer 20

This is when participants learn a list of paired words and they find it more difficult to learn a second list. This is as a result of response conflict when the stimulus word appears

Question 21

What A-Br?

Answer 21

This is when the stimuli words are the same but responses are rearranged making its difficult to learn the second list

Question 22

What is A-B, B-C, C-D?

Answer 22

This is when a person who learns the first two lists has an easier time learning the third list

Question 23

What are the factors that affect transfer of learning?

Answer 23

1. interference
2. practice/ rehearsals
3. meaningfulness of task
4. task similarity
5. time interval between learning and transfer
6. pronounceability
7. task difficulty

Question 24

What are the two types of interference?

Answer 24

1. proactive interference

2. retroactive interference

Question 25

What is proactive inference?

Answer 25

This when memory of one list acts forward to interfere with the memory of a second list

Question 26

What is retroactive interference ?

Answer 26

This is when memory of a second list acts backwards to interfere with memory of a first list