Transcription/translation: Revision session topics

Question 1

What’s included in a Prokaryotic Promoter?

Answer 1

Includes conserved -10 and -35 region, which interacts with Q factor of RNA polymerase

Upstream elements interact with the Alpha subunit of RNA polymerase

Question 2

What’s included in a Prokaryotic Cell organisation

Answer 2

No Nucleus

No membrane Organelles

Bacteria, Archaea
Flagellum, outercapsule, DNA, Plasma membrane, cell well and ribosomes

Question 3

What’s included in a Prokaryotic Genome?

Answer 3

Entire Hereditary information of an organism encoded either in DNA or RNA

Circular, Double stranded piece of DNA

Small

Single circular chromosome
Haploid
DNA not associated with histems
Condensed in nucleotide via DNA super coiling

Question 4

What’s included in a Prokaryotic Transcription and translation?

Answer 4

Continous process and occurs simultaneously in the cytoplasm.

5’ end of mRNA, immediately available for translation

Ribosome 70S type in the cytoplasm

No definite phase for the occurrence

Question 5

How does initiation for transcription and translation in prokaryotes occur?

Answer 5

cap-dependent initiation

Three initiation factors are involved: IF1, IF2 and IF3

Faster process

A single release factor is involved eRF1

Question 6

What’s included in a Eukaryotic Promoter?

Answer 6

Many different promoters

TAT box

Initiator elements, downstream core promoter element

CAAT box and GC box

Question 7

What’s included in a Eukaryotic Cell organisation?

Answer 7

Membrane bound organelles
Nucleus
up to 40 micrometers
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
GA, ER, Lysosomes
Fungi, Plants
Microtubles, Lysosomes
Microfilaments, Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Nuclease
Nuclear pores, PM
Nucleolus, Nuclear envelope
Chromatin, RER, GA, Ribosomes
SER, Citia
Microtubles

Question 8

What’s included in a Eukaryotic Genome?

Answer 8

Larger than Prokaryotes
Contains multiple Linear chromosomes
Diploid
DNA is associated with histomes
Condensed in membrane bound nucleus via histomes

Question 9

What’s included in a Eukaryotes Transcription and translation?

Answer 9

Separate processes. Transcription occurs in the nucleus whereas translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

80S ribosomes attached with the ER

Occurs in G1 and G2 phases in the cycle

Question 10

How does initiation for transcription and translation in Eukaryotes occur?

Answer 10

Car-dependent and Cap independent initiation

Nine initiation factors are involved: elf, 1,2,3,4A, 4B, 4D, 5 and 6

Slower process

Two released factors are involved RF1 and RF2