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Higher Human Biology: Unit 2 > Transcription & Translation > Flashcards

Transcription & Translation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is transcription

A

The synthesis of mRNA from a section of DNA

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2
Q

What is the role of RNA polymerase

A

It moves along the DNA unwinding the double helix and breaking the hydrogen bonds and adds new RNA nucleotides following RNA base pairing rules

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3
Q

What is left after the RNA polymerase

A

The primary transcript

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4
Q

What are introns

A

Regions of the transcript that are non-coding

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5
Q

What are exons

A

The coding regions

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6
Q

What happens during RNA splicing

A

Introns are cut out and exons are joined together( order of exons unchanged)

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7
Q

After RNA splicing what is the transcript known as

A

The mature transcript (code for a protein)

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8
Q

What is translation

A

The synthesis of a polypeptide from mRNA at the ribosome

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9
Q

Where does translation occur

A

The cytoplasm

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10
Q

First stage of translation

A

tRNA picks up a specific amino acid and takes it to the ribosome

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11
Q

2nd stage of translation

A

Codon and & anti codon pair up using complementary base pairing

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12
Q

3rd stage of translation

A

Peptide bond forms between adjacent amino acids

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13
Q

4th stage of translation

A

tRNA is released to pick up another amino acid

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14
Q

What happens after the 4th stage of translation

A

Amino acids joined by peptide bonds

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15
Q

Describe alternative RNA splicing

A

Different segments of mRNA may be treated as exons and introns. The same primary transcript can produce several mature transcripts

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16
Q

What forms a polypeptide

A

Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide

17
Q

What do polypeptides fold to form

A

A 3D shape that is held together by hydrogen bonds and interactions between individual amino acids

18
Q

What does a proteins shape do

A

Determines their function

19
Q

What is a phenotype determined by

A

The protein produced as a result of gene expression which can be infulcened by environmental factors

20
Q

State the stages in the flowchart for transcription

A

DNA strands separate & hydrogen bonds break ⬇️

RNA polymerase adds RNA nucleotides using complementary base pairing ⬇️

Creates primary transcript ⬇️

Splicing occurs removing introns & joining exons⬇️

Creates mature transcript

21
Q

State the stages in the flowchart for translation

A

Mature transcript leaves the nucleus to go to ribosome⬇️

Ribosome reads mRNA in triplets known as codons⬇️

Ribosome sends signals for complemtary tRNS containing anti-codon & amino acid to pair with codon⬇️

Amino acids joined by peptide bonds & tRNA leaves to pick up another amino acid

Higher Human Biology: Unit 2 (9 decks)

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