Transcription (T1M2)

Question 1

Watson and Crick

Answer 1

Proposed the central dogma in 1950s (just Crick)

Published finalized model of DNA with double helix

Question 2

Fred Neufeld

Answer 2

Tested benign and virulent strains of streptococcus pneumoniae in mice

(virulent S strain, benign R strain)

Question 3

Griffith

Answer 3

mixed heat killed S strain bacteria with living R strain

Caused mouse to die

Concluded that genetic information can be passed on from dead cells

Question 4

Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty

Answer 4

Tested DNA, RNA, polysaccharide, lipids and proteins to see which macromolecule contained the genetic information

Put virulent macromolecules in non virulent cells

Determined that DNA carried genetic info

Question 5

Rosalind Franklin

Answer 5

Used X-ray diffraction to analyse structure of DNA

Identified helical nature

Question 6

Nitrogenous bases

1) Pyrimidines
2) Purines
3) What bonds with what

Answer 6

1) Cytosine, Uracil and Thymine
Single ring

2) Guanine and Adenine
Double ring

3) A pairs with T (or U in RNA)
G pairs with C

Question 7

Erwin Chargaff

Answer 7

Stayed the base pair rule

A-U, G-C

Two bonds brown A and T, 3 bonds between G and C

Question 8

Glycine

Answer 8

Small R-group

Usually found in tight protein folds

Hydrophobic and slightly polar

Question 9

Proline

Answer 9

Bonds with itself

Found in wide turns

Hydrophobic

Question 10

Cysteine

Answer 10

Makes disulfirame bonds

Increases stability

Slightly polar

Question 11

Pribnow

Answer 11

Analyser thé TATAAT and TTGCCA boxes in prokaryotic cells

Question 12

W. Gilbert

Answer 12

Proposed existence of Exxon’s and introns