Animal Energy Reserves

Question 1

What is in a camel’s hump?

Answer 1

Tristearin (C57H110O6)

Question 2

Describe tristearin

Answer 2

Glycerol with 3 saturated HC tails

Source of water and energy

Question 3

How are camels well-suited for the desert?

Answer 3

Extreme tolerance for water loss
Condense water in nostrils
Dry feces

Question 4

What is so special about the bar headed goose?

Answer 4

Highest flying goose

Adapted to low oxygen conditions

Question 5

How do geese prepare for migration?

Answer 5

Eat lots of plants in large amounts for over twelve hours a day

Practice flight patterns

Question 6

Geese lose how much body mass per migration?

Answer 6

50%

Question 7

Instead of sugars, bar headed geese use what for fat consumption?

Answer 7

O2

Question 8

Who is Dr Grant McClelland?

Answer 8

Studies lipid oxidation in extreme conditions.

Transition from carbohydrate to fat consumption.

Question 9

Describe the process of betaoxidation

Answer 9

Fat from fat cell is stored as a fatty acid

Fats are released when sugars run out

Fat circulated by proteins through bloodstream to muscle cell

Fatty acid reaches mitochondria

Yields acetyl coA which goes on to create ATP

Question 10

Who is Dr. Scott?

Answer 10

Studies physiology of birds that fly at high altitudes.

Question 11

What is a hypoxic environment?

Answer 11

Low O2

Question 12

What are some adaptions that high flying birds have in a hypoxic environment?

Answer 12

More effective breathing pattern

Larger lungs

Hemoglobin with higher O2 affinity

Mitochondria are closer to capillaries

Greater aerobic capacity in flight muscle

Question 13

Define adipocyte

Answer 13

Fat cell

Question 14

Define myocyte

Answer 14

Muscle cell

Question 15

Describe Mayer and Candy’s experiment involving locusts.

Answer 15

Induced a flying situation for locusts clipper to a board

Analyser fat and sugar blood content every five minutes

At the 15 minute mark, usage for glucose as an energy source was at its peak

After 15 min, the bugs relied more on metabolized stored fats

Question 16

Discuss Dr. Kieran Clarke’s work with ketones.

Answer 16

Stress leads to the metabolism of stored fats

Stress increases circulating fatty acids and ketones

Ketones contain 38% more recoverable energy that glucose and fatty acids (converted to Acetyl CoA)

Theorized that energy drinks should contain ketones instead of sugars