transcription basics

Question 1

What is transcription and where does it occur ?

Answer 1

Transcription is a process where the info encoded into a genes DNA is copied into RNA. It occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic

Question 2

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription ?

Answer 2

RNA polyermerase is an enzyme responsible for catalyzing the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template during transcription . It binds to the DNA temp & adds complementary ribonucleotides to form a growing RNA strand

Question 3

Explain the process of initiation during transcription

Answer 3

Initiation involves the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter region of a gene , followed by the melting of the DNA strands and in the initiation of RNA synthesis

Question 4

How is the DNA template read during transcription ?

Answer 4

The DNA temp. is read in the 3’ to 5’ direction and complementary ribonucleotides are added to the growing DNA strand in the 5’ to 3’ direction

Question 5

What are the significance of transcription factors in gene expression ?

Answer 5

transcription factors are the proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences called enhancers & promoters and they help regulate the transcription of genes by promoting or inhibiting the binding of RNA polymerase

Question 6

Discuss the process of elongation

Answer 6

Elongation in transcription involves the sequential addition of ribonucleotides to the growing RNA strand by RNA polymerases as it moves along the DNA template

Question 7

What role does RNA editing play in transcription ?

Answer 7

RNA editing refers to modification that can alter the sequence of RNA molecules such as the insertion , deletion , or modification of nucleotides

Question 8

How is transcription terminated in eukaryotes ? prokaryotes ?

Answer 8

It is terminated in prokaryotes by the binding of specific termination sequences to the RNA polymerase . In eukaryotes , termination the polydenylation of RNA transcript .

Question 9

Explain the concept of mRNA processing and its importance in eukaryotic gene expression

Answer 9

mRNA processing in eukaryotes include slicing , dicing , & polydenylation ,which are essential for stabilizing the mRNA molecules