macromolecules

Question 1

What are the four major groups of macromolcules ?

Answer 1

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Lipids
• Nucleic Acids

Question 2

Polymer

Answer 2

large molecule consisting of many identical or similar subunits connected together

Question 3

Monomer

Answer 3

subunit or building block molecule of a polymer

Question 4

Macromolecule

Answer 4

large organic polymer

Question 5

Dehydration reaction or Condensation reaction

Answer 5

monomers join into polymers and water is produced

Question 6

Hydrolysis

Answer 6

breaks polymers into monomers with water

Question 7

Sugar

Answer 7

the smallest carbohydrate and serves as fuel and carbon sources.

Question 8

Carbohydrates

Answer 8

organic molecules made of sugars and their polymers.

Question 9

How are polymers formed

Answer 9

by condensation reactions.

Question 10

Phospholipids

Answer 10

• many have fatty acids attacthed to a glyceride molecule except one of the fatty acid chains is replaced by a phosphate group
• polar
• structural foundation of cell membranes

Question 11

Steriods

Answer 11

-backbone of four linked carbon rings
- includes cholesterol and hormones including testosterone and estrogen

Question 12

What are the three categories of amino acids

Answer 12

• Hydrophobic ( nonpolar)
• Hydrophilic (polar)
  -ionic of charged (positive or negative )

Question 13

Tertiary structure

Answer 13

• 3

Question 14

Polymers of polysaccharides, fats, and proteins are all synthesized from monomers by which process?

Answer 14

the removal of water (dehydration reactions)

Question 15

Polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins are similar in that they …

Answer 15

are synthesized from monomers by dehydration reactions.

Question 16

humans can digest starch but not cellulose because …

Answer 16

humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the alpha glycosidic linkages of starch but not the beta linkages of cellulose.

Question 17

Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein?

Answer 17

peptide bonds

Question 18

The helix and the pleated sheet are both common polypeptide forms found in which level of protein structure?

Answer 18

secondary

Question 19

A molecule with the formula C18H36O2 is probably a

Answer 19

lipid

Question 20

lipdids are …

Answer 20

nonpolar molecules

Question 21

Which type of interaction stabilizes the alpha helix and the beta pleated sheet structures of proteins?

Answer 21

hydrogen bonds

Question 22

A strong covalent bond between amino acids that functions in maintaining a polypeptide’s specific three-dimensional shape is a (an)

Answer 22

disulfide bond