transcription and translation EQ Flashcards
what type of bond is between complimentary base pairs
H bond
type of bond between adjacent nucleotides in a DNA strand
phosphodiester
describe 2 differences between mRNA and tRNA
- tRNA clover shape, mRNA linear
- tRNA has hydrogen bonds, mRNA doesnt
- tRNA has amino acid binding site, mRNA doesnt
- tRNA anticodon, mRNA codon
describe and explain difference in structure between pre-mRNA and mRNA
mRNA contains no introns
because they have been spliced out
describe how one amino acid is added to a polypeptide that is being formed at a ribosome during translation (3)
tRNA brings specific amino acid to ribosome
anticodon binds to codon
amino acids join by condensation reaction to form peptide bond using ATP
describe how mRNA produced from exposed template strand of DNA
dont include DNA helicase or splicing in answer
- free nucleotides for complimentary base pairs
- phosphodiester bonds form
- by RNA polymerase
describe how mRNA formed by transcription in eukaryotes
- Hydrogen bonds between DNA bases break
- only one strand acts as template
- free RNA nucleotides align by complimentary base pairings
- Uracil pairs with Adenine
- RNA polymerase re-joins adjacent RNA nucleotides by phosphodiester bonds
describe how a polypeptide forms by translation of mRNA
- mRNA attaches to ribosomes
- anticodons bind to complimentary codons
- tRNA brings specific amino acid
- Amino acids join by peptide bonds by use of ATP
- tRNA released and ribosome moves along the mRNA to form the polypeptide
what is the proteome of a cell
the full range of proteins that a cell’s genome is able to produce at a given time
what does degenerate DNA code mean?
more than one codon codes for a single amino acid
describe how mRNA is produced in a plant cell
- DNA strands separate by breaking H-bonds
- one template strand used to make mRNA
- complimentary base pairing
- nucleotides joined by RNA polymerase
- pre-mRNA formed
- splicing of introns to form mRNA
what are 2 types of molecule from which a ribosome is made
RNA
Proteins
what is a codon?
sequence of three bases on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid
what does RNA stand for
ribonucleic acid
which types of RNA are important in protein synthesis
transfer RNA
messenger RNA
what is transcription
the process of making pre-mRNA using DNA as a template
what type of cell is pre-mRNA produced in
eukaryotic- prokaryotes produce mRNA straight away
what is splicing ?
process by which introns are removed from pre-mRNA
leaving only exons which code for amino acids
how do mRNA move out of nucleus
too large to diffuse
move out through nuclear pore
what is anticodon
specific section or tRNA code which is complimentary to mRNA codon
