transcription and translation

Question 1

what is meant by ‘capped end’ with reference to eukaryotic mRNA?

Answer 1

specially altered nucleotide at 5’ end

Question 2

what is meant by ‘tail end’ with reference to eukaryotic mRNA?

Answer 2

addition of a PolyA tail (adenine) to the mRNA

Question 3

which RNA polymerase makes the primary mRNA?

Answer 3

RNA polymerase II

Question 4

what are spliceosomes?

Answer 4

multiple snRNPs; small nuclear RNAs plus protein

Question 5

what does degenerate mean?

Answer 5

some amino acids may be coded for by more than one codon

Question 6

what are the stop codons?

Answer 6

TAG, TAA, TGA

Question 7

at what position does degeneracy always occur?

Answer 7

3rd position

Question 8

what are tRNAs and how long are they?

Answer 8

genetic adaptors that translate the code, 76 nucleotides long

Question 9

where does an amino acid bind to tRNA?

Answer 9

3’ OH end

Question 10

why is it essential that the ribosome finds the initiation codon?

Answer 10

this sets up the reading frame and prevents frameshift

Question 11

How does the ribosome recognise the AUG start codon?

Answer 11

shine-delgarno recognition

Question 12

what is shine delgarno recognition?

Answer 12

recognition of a specific sequence upstream of the AUG initiation codon