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AP Biology > Transcription and Translation > Flashcards

Transcription and Translation Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The information contained in the order of nucleotides in mRNA is used to determine the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide; occurs at ribosomes (mRNA to protein)

A

translation

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2
Q

the copy that takes the information to the ribosomes to form a protein

A

mRNA

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3
Q

the site of protein synthesis

A

ribosome

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4
Q

the triplets mRNA is read in; 3 nucleotides in messenger RNA that direct the placement of a particular amino acid into a protein

A

codon

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5
Q

the mRNA triplet that acts as a signal for the beginning of translation at the ribosome; which is always _________

A

start codon; AUG

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6
Q

any of the 3 mRNA codons that signal the end of protein translation at the ribosome; the 3 stops are ______, ______, and ______

A

stop codon; UAA, UAG, UGA

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7
Q

the triplets transfer RNA is read in; the 3 nucleotides in transfer RNA that pair with a complementary triplet (a codon) in mRNA

A

anticodon

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8
Q

an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of RNA from a DNA template; it opens up the strand of DNA, pairs the nucleotides, then closes the DNA strand

A

RNA polymerase

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9
Q

The site where transcription begins, every gene has this site; when RNA polymerase is bound to the promoter

A

transcription initiation site

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10
Q

starts transcription

A

promoter

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11
Q

The end of transcription or translation; stop codon reaches A site (in translation)

A

termination

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12
Q

special end that is added onto the mRNA during RNA processing to protect the strand in case it gets caught when trying to leave the nucleus, it is a ______ ______

A

5’ cap

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13
Q

The other special end that is added onto the mRNA during RNA processing to protect the strand in case it gets caught when trying to leave the nucleus, contains 50-250 adenines

A

Poly-A Tail

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14
Q

The last stage of RNA processing in which introns are cut out of the mRNA strand and exons are put together

A

RNA Splicing

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15
Q

A portion of a DNA molecule that codes for part of a polypeptide, necessary part of mRNA

A

exons

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16
Q

A portion of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into pre-mRNA but is spiced out prior to translation, unnecessary part of mRNA

A

introns

17
Q

A ribosome that acts like an enzyme (ribozyme) to splice the Intron’s out of mRNA said that the exons can be put together

A

spliceosome

18
Q

Aid and splicing by putting exons together

A

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs)

19
Q

A.k.a. amino acid site, site where the tRNA attaches to the ribosome in translation

A

A site

20
Q

The introns of one cell might be the exons of another cell; a process for generating different mRNAs from a single gene by splicing together different sets of exons during RNA processing

A

alternative RNA splicing

21
Q

The enzyme that puts an amino acid and tRNA together using a hydrogen bond during the amino acid activation phase. this activates the amino acid for translation

A

aminoacyl-tRNA Synthase

22
Q

A.k.a. exit site, the site where tRNA exits The ribosome during translation

A

E Site

23
Q

occurs during the middle part of transcription when the mRNA is made longer by RNA polymerase; the addition of monomers to make a longer RNA

A

elongation

24
Q

The process of how the Introns are determined; requires a foreign DNA (probes)

A

nucleic acid hybridization

25
Q

each gene codes for one specific protein

A

one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis

26
Q

A.k.a. peptide site, the site in translation where peptide bonds are used to form a protein chain, also known as a polypeptide

A

P Site

27
Q

when more than one ribosome is using the same mRNA during translation

A

polyribosome

28
Q

foreign DNA, used in nucleic acid hybridization

A

probe

29
Q

ribosome (coiled to form ribosomes)

A

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

30
Q

carries a specific amino acid and anti-codon that will pair with the complementary codon in mRNA during translation

A

transfer RNA (tRNA)

31
Q

when an anti-codon and codon are incorrectly paired but you still get the correct/same amino acid

A

wobble

32
Q

produces a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule (DNA to mRNA)

A

transcription

AP Biology (7 decks)

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