Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Biology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element

A

Atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The even smaller parts of an atom (protons, neutrons, electrons)

A

Subatomic particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Electrically positive subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom

A

Protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Electrically neutral subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom

A

Neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Electronically negative subatomic particles found in a cloud around the nucleus of an atom

A

Electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions

A

Element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Elements known to be essential to life

A

Essential elements (CHNOPS- carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Elements required by an organism in only minute quantities (iron)

A

Trace elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Substance consisting of two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio

A

Compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

A

Isotopes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

An unstable isotope in which the nucleus decays spontaneously giving off particles and energy

A

Radioactive isotopes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The ability to do work

A

Energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The ability to make something happen that wouldn’t happen itself

A

Work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Energy that matter stores because of its position or location

A

Potential energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The energy of motion

A

Kinetic energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The energy needed to start a chemical reaction

A

Activation energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A spontaneous reaction, can be endothermic or exothermic

A

Exergonic reaction

18
Q

A non-spontaneous reaction, can be endothermic or exothermic

A

Endergonic reaction

19
Q

The attractions that hold atoms in interaction

A

Chemical bonds

20
Q

The sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms (H2, O2, H2O, CH4)

A

Covalent bonds

21
Q

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

A

Molecule

22
Q

The abbreviation of a structure using lines to show bonds (H-H)

A

Structural formula

23
Q

Anything that takes up space and has mass, material of which things are made

A

Matter

24
Q

The abbreviation of a structure using subscripts (H2)

A

Molecular formula

25
Q

The sharing of two pairs of valence electrons, such as in to oxygen atoms

A

Double covalent bond

26
Q

The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond

A

Electronegativity

27
Q

Two atoms with equal electronegativity, the electrons are equally shared

Think of 2 dogs of equal size with an equal hold on a bone. Common example: oil

A

Nonpolar covalent bond

28
Q

Two atoms with unequal Electronegativity, the electrons are found more on one side than the other

Think of 2 dogs of unequal size with an unequal hold on a bone. Common example: water

A

Polar covalent bond

29
Q

A charged atom

A

Ion

30
Q

A positive ion

A

Cation

31
Q

A negative ion

A

Anion

32
Q

The attraction of a cation and an anion that form an interaction, strongest type of bond, results from a transfer of electrons

Think of one large dog and one small dog

A

Ionic bond

33
Q

Compound formed by ionic bonds, also known as salts

A

Ionic compound

34
Q

An interaction where a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another hydrogen on an electronegative atom

A

Hydrogen bond

35
Q

The brief interaction of positively and negatively charged regions of nonpolar molecules

A

Van Der Waals interaction

36
Q

The making and breaking of chemical bonds that lead to changes in the composition of matter

A

Chemical reactions

37
Q

The starting materials in a chemical reaction

A

Reactants

38
Q

The final materials in a chemical reaction

A

Products

39
Q

Reactions are still going on, but with no net effect on the concentrations of reactants and products

A

Dynamic equilibrium

40
Q

Reaction in which one of the reactants loses electrons becoming more positive

A

Oxidation

41
Q

Reaction in which one of the reactants gains electrons, becoming more negative

A

Reduction

AP Biology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions