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EOM Test 2 > Transcription And RNA Processing 1 > Flashcards

Transcription And RNA Processing 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are housekeeping genes?

A

Genes that are needed for cell function (structure and metabolism)

Constitutive expression (same in all cells)

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2
Q

What are tissue-specific genes?

A

Cell type specific proteins

Highly regulated

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3
Q

What is similar between the 3 RNA polymerases?

A

Share 9 core subunits

Require general transcription factors to initiate transcription

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4
Q

What does RNA pol I transcribe?

A

The precursor of large ribosomal rRNAs.

18S, 28S, 5.8S

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5
Q

What does RNA pol II transcribe?

A

All mRNA genes as well as microRNA precursors and most snRNA involved in splicing

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6
Q

What does RNA pol III transcribe?

A

Small genes like tRNAs, U6 snRNA, and the 5S rRNA gene

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7
Q

What is a promotor and what elements make it up?

A

DNA region where the enzyme required for transcription binds.

TATAA box

Inr (initiator) elements

BRE - TFIIB recognition element

Downstream elements

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8
Q

What is the role of TFIID?

A

First step in transcription.

Binds the TATA box via TBP.

15 protein complex with TBP and TAF’s

(TBP associated factors)

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9
Q

What is the role of TFIIB?

A

Binds to the TFIID complex via TBP and to the BRE region on the DNA

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10
Q

What TF does RNA pol II bind with prior to attaching to the transcription initiation complex?

A

TFIIF

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11
Q

What does the RNA PolII-TFIIF complex bind to?

A

The TFIID-TFIIB complex that is already attached to the DNA

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12
Q

What are the final two factors to bind to the transcription initiation complex?

A

TFIIE and TFIIH

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13
Q

Which TF has enzymatic activity and what is the activity?

A

TFIIH

Helicase

Kinase

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14
Q

What even initiates transcription?

A

The phosphorylation of the 5th serine residue in a repeated amino acid sequence by TFIIH on the C-terminal domain of RNA Pol2.

Leads to dissociation of Pol2 from the complex.

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15
Q

What is the function of Mediator protein?

A

Interacts with GTFs and RNA Pol II and helps regulated transcription initiation

Loses affinity for the complex whe the CTD of RNA Pol is phosphorylated

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16
Q

What is the holoenzyme model of transcription initiation?

A

The RNA pol enzyme forms a complex with GTFs before binding the promotor.

The complex is recruited to specific promoters by activation factors.

17
Q

What is the role of HATs and HDACs?

A

Control the amount of condensation of chromatin via acetylation

Acetylated = active chromatin

Deacetylated = inactive chromatin

18
Q

How is rRNA produced?

A

Initially transcribed by RNA Pol I as a 45S transcript.

Processing forms 28S, 18S, and t.8S rRNA’s

19
Q

Where are the 5S and tRNA promoters located?

A

Downstream of the transcription start site

20
Q

What combination of TFs is used in 5S rRNA transcription?

A

TFIIIB, TFIIIC, and TFIIIA

21
Q

What combination of TFs is utilized in tRNA transcription?

A

TFIIIB and TFIIIC

22
Q

What TFs are used in U6 mRNA transcription?

A

TFIIIB, and SNAP

23
Q

What are snoRNPs and what is their function?

A

Molecules of snoRNA and protein that participate in rRNA processing

Guides nucleases to specific sites in pre-rRNA

Can also cause base changes (uridine to pseudouridines)

24
Q

What is RNAse P and what is its function?

A

RNAse P is an RNA and protein complex that processes the 5’ end of pre-tRNAs.

The RNA is the catalytic component

25
Q

What is responsible for cleaving the 3’ end of a tRNA during processing?

A

A conventional protein RNAse.

26
Q

What is added or encoded to the 3’ end of a tRNA?

A

A CCA sequence for amino attachment.

27
Q

Why are bases modified in the tRNA structure?

A

They change the H-bonding capability of the base pairs and stabilize hairpin loops

28
Q

What are the four components of rRNA processing?

A

Cleavage reactions

Linkage through H-bonding

Methylation of bases and sugar residues

Chemical conversions of bases

29
Q

What are the three components of tRNA processing?

A

Cleavages at the 3’ end and 5’ end

Attachment of CCA bases

Replacement or modification of standard RNA bases

EOM Test 2 (20 decks)

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