Transcription

Question 1

central dogma

Answer 1

an explanation of the flow of genetic information within a biological system.

1. Transcription - info from DNA sequence makes a complimentary RNA sequence.
2. Translation - converts RNA sequence to amino acid sequence of a polypeptide to make proteins.

Question 2

DNA vs RNA

Answer 2

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Question 3

promoter

Answer 3

The promoter determines where to start transcription and which direction (eg: which strand) to transcribe. (Not all promoters are the same)

Question 4

transcription start site

Answer 4

The area in which transcription is started in a specific direction and at that specific place on the DNA strand.

Question 5

termination site

Answer 5

A specific DNA base sequence is reached by the RNA polymerase. The RNA sequence forms a hairpin loop causing the RNA polymerase to stall. This U-rich stretch downstream of the termination signal allows the RNA transcript to fall away from the DNA template and the RNA polymerase which results in termination. In some cases it triggers a helper protein to pull it away.

Question 6

core RNA polymerase

Answer 6

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Question 7

holo RNA polymerase

Answer 7

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Question 8

sigma factor

Answer 8

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Question 9

promoter recognition

Answer 9

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Question 10

closed and open complexes

Answer 10

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Question 11

core promoter

Answer 11

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Question 12

distal regulatory elements

Answer 12

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Question 13

TFIID

Answer 13

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Question 14

TFIIB

Answer 14

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Question 15

enhancers

Answer 15

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Question 16

activators

Answer 16

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Question 17

CTD of Pol II

Answer 17

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Question 18

splice site

Answer 18

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Question 19

intron

Answer 19

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Question 20

exon

Answer 20

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Question 21

complementary strand

Answer 21

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Question 22

spliceosome

Answer 22

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Question 23

gene expression

Answer 23

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Question 24

5’ cap

Answer 24

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Question 25

polyA tail

Answer 25

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