Transcription Flashcards
What is central dogma
DNA to RNA to protein
What is RNA polymerase
This makes RNA
What are the types of RNA Polymerase
- RNA pol1: makes rRNA
- RNA pol2: makes most RNA transcripts including mRNA and miRNA
-RNA pol3: makes tRNA and other small RNAs
What are types of RNA
- mRNA: messenger RNA
- tRNA: transfer RNA
- miRNA: micrRNA
- lncRNA: long non coding RNA
-rRNA: ribosomal RNA
What is a promoter
- Region of DNA upstream where rna polymerase and transcription factors (relevant proteins) can bind to initiate transcription
- controls binding of rna polymerase to dna
What does TSS stand for
Transcription start site
What do protein coding genes have
TATA box
What are general transcription factors
They are needed for initiation of transcription
How is the pre initiation complex formed
By the transcription factors recruiting rna polymerase
What is a transcription bubble
-contains unwound DNA and is where transcription occurs
What is sense and antisense strand
- They flow in opposite directions but are complementary to each other
- the antisense strand is used as a template by rna polymerase to make mRNA
- sense strand is used in translation
What direction does RNA transcript go
From 5” to 3” prime
What occurs in elongation
- direction is from 5” to 3” end
- new nucleotides are added to 3” end
- RNA is processed while transcription occurs by chromstion
What occurs during termination
DNA polymerase is either knocked off when it reaches the termination tract or by torpedo protein
What process occurs when going from pre-mRNA to mature mRNA
Splicing
What is splicing
When you remove the non coding sequences such as introns
What sequences are translated in a protein coding gene
Exons
What is the structure of a protein coding gene
- exons and introns
- poly a tail at 3”
- cap at 5”
- promoter
