Gene expression + regulation in eukaryotes Flashcards
1
Q
what is the central dogma of life
A
- DNA replication
- transcription
- translation
2
Q
describe DNA replication
A
- DNA copied during DNA replication in nucleus
- new DNA is made from 5’ to 3’ end
summary of steps=
1) parential double helix is unwound
2) the unwound parential DNA is stabilised by single strand binding proteins
3) DNA polymerase synthesises the strand continuously from the 5’ to 3’ end
4) other strand is synthesised discontinuously. the primase forms a short RNA primer that is extended by DNA polymerase to make an Okazaki fragment
5) the RNA primer is replaced by DNA, a DNA ligase binds to the okazaki fragment
3
Q
what are the key stages where gene expression may be regulated
A
- chromatin
- transcription initiation
- post- transcription
- post- translational control
4
Q
what is chromatin
A
- a complex of equal parts of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes
- nucleosome is a fundamental subunit of chromatin
