Transcription

Question 0

mRNA function

Answer 0

Encodes for amino acids sequence of a polypeptide

Question 1

Four main types of RNA

Answer 1

Messenger
Transfer
Ribosomal
Small nuclear

mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Snrna

Question 2

tRNA function

Answer 2

Brings amino acids to ribosomes during translation

Question 3

rRNA function

Answer 3

With ribosomal proteins, makes up the ribosomes, the organelles that translate mRNA

Question 4

snRNA function

Answer 4

With proteins, forms complexes used in RNA processing in eukaryotes

Makes snRNP that makes spliceosomes that take out introns

Question 5

During transcription, template strand is read from

Answer 5

3’ to 5’

Question 6

During transcription, RNA is transcribed in which direction

Answer 6

5’ to 3’

Question 7

In prokaryotes transcription and translation are

—-

Answer 7

Coupled

Question 8

What does it mean to couple transcription and translation

Answer 8

Translation begins while Transcription is still happening

Question 9

What formation tAkea out introns

Answer 9

Spliceosomes

Question 10

Do prokaryotes or eukaryotes synthesize mRNA with RNA polymerase?

Answer 10

Both do

Question 11

Prokaryotic mRNA vs eukaryotic mRNA

Answer 11

Prokaryotic: not processed- the transcript is the actual molecule that is translated (colinear)

Eukaryotic mRNA is processed first

Question 12

Processing mRNA

Answer 12

Introns are removed by RNA splicing

5’ caps and 3’ poly A tails are added

Question 13

RNA splicing

Answer 13

snRNP Forms a spliceosome that bends intron into lariat shape and then splices it off

Question 14

Promoter function

Answer 14

Site where transcription machinery binds to initiate transcription. 2 DNA strands are separated there and RNA polymerase begins transcription process

Question 15

What would a mutation in intron section of gene do?

Answer 15

No effect since it is taken out anyways

Question 16

Promoter region

Answer 16

Where the start of transcription happens. The RNA polymerase attaches here before it starts transcribing

Question 17

Tata box

Answer 17

Region in promoter region where transcription initiation happens

Question 18

Terminator sequence

Answer 18

Signals Where transcription ends

Question 19

Initiation

Answer 19

RNA polymerase and transcription factors bind to promoter region on DNA and unzips (10-20 nucleotides at a time)

Question 20

Elongation

Answer 20

RNA polymerase reads DNA template in 3 to 5 direction and creates mRNA strand in 5 to 3 direction

Question 21

Termination

Answer 21

When RNA polymerase reaches the termination sequence, it stops copying DNA. And mRNA is released

Question 22

Transcription happens in the

Answer 22

Nucleus

Question 23

Transcription factors

Answer 23

Help enzyme recognize promoter region