Transcription Flashcards

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1
Q

What is protein synthesis?

A

The process which produces proteins from the information in the DNA code.

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2
Q

What is Transcription?

A

The DNA code is copied into a single strand called messenger RNA.

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3
Q

Where does it take place?

A

In the nucleus

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4
Q

Why is it necessary?

A

The DNA molecule is large so it cannot get through the nuclear pores so smaller mRNA is used to copy a section of DNA which codes for a protein. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and joins a ribosome where the protein is synthesised.

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5
Q

What is 1st stage of Transcription?

A

RNA polymerase binds at the start codon and DNA helicase binds which breaks the hydrogen bonds on a section of DNA that contains the gene for the desired protein. Bases are exposed.

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6
Q

What is the 2nd stage of Transcription?

A

RNA polymerase moves along the template strand and joins free nucleotides that are complementary to the exposed template strand to form a pre-mRNA.

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7
Q

What is the 3rd stage of Transcription?

A

DNA bases rejoin behind the RNA polymerase and it will stop and detach when it reaches the stop codon. Pre-mRNA will be spliced before leaving the nuclear pore.

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8
Q

What are exons and introns?

A

Exons are regions that code for proteins whereas introns dont.

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9
Q

What is splicing?

A

Removing introns in pre-mRNA (only happens in eukaryotes)

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