Nucleotide and DNA structure Flashcards
What does nucleic acids contain?
Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus
What are the two types of nucleic acids?
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
What are the monomers of Nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
What makes up a nucleotide?
A phosphate, a ribose sugar and a base
What are the bonds in a nucleotide?
Phosphodiester bond and glycosidic bond
What is the phosphodiester bond?
When a condensation reaction joins each nucleotide together between the phosphate group of one and a carbon of the pentose sugar of the other.
What are the 4 bases in DNA?
Thymine
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
What is complementary pairing?
The bases always pair up in a particular way
e.g. thymine with adenine
What does hydrogen bonds do between the bases?
They hold the two strands of DNA together.
What are the differences between RNA and DNA?
RNA have ribose instead of deoxyribose. RNA is a single strand.
RNA has Uracil instead of Thymine.
What are the two different RNAs?
Messenger RNA and transfer RNA
What does ATP contain?
A ribose sugar, an adenine base and 3 phosphate groups.
Where is energy stored in ATP and what happens when they are hydrolysed?
Energy is stored in the bonds between the phosphates and are released during hydrolysis
What are the products of ATP being hydrolysed?
ADP and Pi
What does hydrolysis of ATP do?
Gives energy to other cells and Pi can be released to be used to phosphorylate other compounds, often making them more reactive.
