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OS 203 > Trans 4 > Flashcards

Trans 4 Flashcards

1
Q

All constituents of the skin are derived from:

______________ and _______________

A

Ectoderm (10-12 days EAG)

Mesoderm (18-19 days EAG)

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2
Q

Epidermis and skin appendages are derived from the ______________.

A

Ectoderm

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3
Q

Melanocytes and the nerves are derived from the _______________.

A

Neuroectoderm

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4
Q 
Describe the development of the epidermis in:
Week 4-5 EAG
Week 5-6 EAG
Week 8-10 EAG
Week 12 EAG
A

Week 4-5 EAG - Surface ectoderm develops into a single cuboidal cell layer (mitotically active)
Week 5-6 EAG - Periderm covers the single cuboidal cell layer
Week 8-10 EAG - Germinative layer gives rise to the intermediate layer; the stratified squamous epithelium begins to form
Week 12 EAG - Epidermis is almost complete by the end of the 1st trimester. The different epidermal layers are already present

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5
Q

In adults, keratinization occurs for _________ in a _____ environment

A

14-31 days, dry

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6
Q

In a fetus, keratinization occurs for __________ in a _____ environment

A

22-24 weeks, wet (amniotic fluid)

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7
Q

What compound is abundant in the fetal keratinocyte and serves as the main energy source?

A

Glycogen

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8
Q

Dermis is derived from the __________.

A

Mesoderm

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9
Q

These structures are derived from which germ layer?

Dermis
Epidermis
Fibroblasts
Endothelial and Perithelial cells
Myocytes
Mast cells
Nails
Hair
Fibers
Glands
Ground substance
Melanocytes
Nerves
A 
Dermis - Mesoderm
Epidermis - Ectoderm
Fibroblasts - Mesoderm
Endothelial and Perithelial cells - Mesoderm
Myocytes - Mesoderm
Mast cells - Mesoderm
Nails - Ectoderm
Hair - Ectoderm
Fibers - Mesoderm
Glands - Ectoderm
Melanocytes - Neuroectoderm
Nerves - Neuroectoderm
Ground substance - Mesoderm
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10
Q

Which fiber provides tensile strength and limits extent of deformation of skin when pulled?

A

Collagen fibers

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11
Q

Which fiber imparts skin its original shape after being stretched?

A

Elastic fibers

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12
Q

True or false. The dermis is 80% collagen and 1% elastic fiber.

A

True

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13
Q

Development of the dermis:
Week 6
Week 12
Week 24

A

Week 6: Collagen fibers develop
Week 12: Collagen bundles develop
Week 24: Elastic fibers develop

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14
Q

Differentiate neonates and infants

A

Neonatal period: 0-30 days of life

Infant: 30 days - 12 months of life

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15
Q

True or false. Skin development is complete after birth.

A

False. It continues to undergo a process of adaptation and maturation even after birth.

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16
Q

True or false. Newborn skin has less hair, sebaceous and sweat glands.

A

True

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17
Q

True or false. Newborn skin has more intercellular attachments and desmosomes.

A

False

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18
Q

Condition wherein there is a grayish-white film after birth that serves as a lubricant and an antibacterial compound.

A

Vernix caseosa

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19
Q

It is the intensely erythematous skin caused by the drying up and flaking off of the vernix caseosa.

A

Erythema neonatorum

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20
Q

Blotchy or lace-like pattern of dusky erythema caused by exposure to cold environments. It reflects the vasomotor instability (immature autonomic control of cutaneous vascular plexus) of newborns.

A

Mottling and Cutis marmorata

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21
Q

Bluish discoloration on palms, soles, and mouth

A

Acrocyanosis

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22
Q

Sharp longitudinal midline demarcation of the body when placed on his/her side, observed usually in infants with low birth weight. It reflects immaturity of the hypothalamic center.

A

Harlequin color change

23
Q

Few, white globular papules representing benign, superficial epidermal inclusion cysts commonly on the face of newborns.

A

Milia

24
Q

Milia found inside mouth of neonates

A

Epstein’s pearls

25
Q

Maternal androgen stimulation of sebaceous glands resulting to multiple yellowish macules or papules along the nose and forehead.

A

Sebaceous gland hyperplasia

26
Q

Erythematous papules and/or papulopustules caused by heat rash and eccrine gland occlusion. Also called prickly heat.

A

Miliaria rubra

27
Q

Minute superficial subcorneal vesicles caused by heat rash or eccrine gland occlusion.

A

Miliaria crystallina

28
Q

Solitary, intact, oval or linear blisters caused by vigorous intrauterine sucking

A

Sucking blisters

29
Q

Gradual or sudden hair loss

A

Telogen effluvium

30
Q

The cause of acne vulgaris

A

Overproduction of sebum

Virilization (overproduction of estrogen and androgens)

31
Q

Excessive sweating in hands, feet, armpit, and groin

A

Hyperhydrosis

32
Q

Immunological phenomenon wherein there is an increased activity of the sebaceous glands leading to scaling, flaking, or dandruff. Can also be caused by /Malassezia/ spp.

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

33
Q

True or false. The amount of sebaceous glands is normal for adult, term, and preterm skin.

A

True

34
Q

True or false. Adult, term, and preterm skin all have the same epidermal thickness and cellular attachments.

A

False

Preterm skin have thinner epidermal thickness (higher permeability to topical agents and higher TEWL) and less cellular attachments (prone to blisters)

35
Q

Gradual physiologic aging due to time, under genetic and hormonal control

A

Intrinsic aging

36
Q

Dramatic structural and functional changes that are caused by exogenous factors, primarily unprotected sun exposure

A

Extrinsic aging

37
Q

Also known as liver spots. They are well-defined hyperpigmented patches in old people due to UVA irradiation.

A

Solar lentigenes

38
Q

Benign papules and plaques in old people which are highly variable in color.

A

Seborrheic keratosis

39
Q

Described as smaller seborrheic keratosis

A

Dermatosis papulosa nigra

40
Q

Small circular or oval red papules characterized by proliferation of blood vessels that tend to increase in size and number with age

A

Senile angiomas

41
Q

Dry skin caused by decreased activity of sweat and sebaceous glands

A

Xerosis

42
Q

Xerosis complicated by dermatitis. Characterized by dry, pruritic, fissured skin with scales. It is aggravated by cold and low humidity environments.

A

Asteatotic eczema

43
Q

Condition wherein there is an intense sensation of itch in the skin. It is concurrent with xerosis.

A

Pruritus

44
Q

Ecchymoses formation on sun-exposed surfaces of arms or hands. Characterized by inadequate support of vessels leading to rupture and extravasation with minor trauma.

A

Senile purpura

45
Q

Common in pregnant women wherein estrogen and progesterone overproduction cause stimulation of the melanocytes.

A

Hyperpigmentation

46
Q

Darkened streak on the anterior abdominal wall

A

Linea nigra

47
Q

Referred to as the “mask of pregnancy”

Dense melanocytes seen in sun-exposed skin of the face

A

Melasma/Chloasma

48
Q

Stretch marks or atrophic tissues below the epidermis

A

Striae distensae / Gravidarum

49
Q

Flesh-colored or hyperpigmented pedunculated papules known as skin tags

A

Molluscum fibrosum gravidarum

50
Q

Skin tags for those who are obese

A

Acrochordon

51
Q

Increased androgen and estrogen secretion leading to mild to moderate hair growth on unwanted areas

A

Hirsutism

52
Q

Loss of hair in pregnant women

A

Mild hypotrichosis

53
Q

Single central pulsating arteriole with many fine radiating branches beneath epidermis

A

Vascular spiders / Spider angiomata

54
Q

Diffuse mottling of entire palm with cyanosis (blue) and pallor (paling). Erythema on bulging surface of palms

A

Palmar erythema

OS 203 (4 decks)

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