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OS 203 > Trans 1 > Flashcards

Trans 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of tissue is the dermis?

A

Dense, irregular connective tissue

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2
Q

True or False. The Papillary Dermis has more amorphous cells, ground substances, and capillaries than there are fibers.

A

True

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3
Q

What layer of the dermis has a Type III collagen?

A

Papillary Dermis

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4
Q

What are the 2 elastic fibers present in the Papillary Dermis?

A

Oxytalan and Elaunin

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5
Q

Which layer of the dermis has Type I collagen?

A

Reticular Dermis

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6
Q

It is an autoimmune attack against the fibroblasts therefore they produce excess collagen, resulting to very thick skin.

A

Scleroderma

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7
Q

Glomus bodies provide thermoregulation via structures that divert blood from arteries directly into veins without passing through capillaries. What are these structures?

A

Arteriovenous shunt / Arteriovenous anastamoses

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8
Q

Eccrine glands open to the skin surface via ____________.

A

Sweat pores

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9
Q

What type of secretion do eccrine glands have?

A

Merocrine type of secretion - secretory vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane

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10
Q

Two segments of the eccrine gland?

A

Ductal and Secretory

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11
Q

These cells mediate the slowly-adapting and sustained touch response.

A

Merkel Cells

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12
Q

These are responsible for the sensations of itch, pain, and temperature. They are also the most numerous neuronal receptors in the epidermis.

A

Free Nerve Endings

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13
Q

Where do free nerve endings terminate?

A

Stratum granulosum

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14
Q

What is the temperature barrier between heat and pain?

A

46 degree Celsius

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15
Q

Which receptor located in the dermal papillae is responsible for rapidly adapting light touches?

A

Meissner Corpuscle

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16
Q

Which receptor found in the hypodermis is responsible for the feeling of vibration and pressure?

A

Pacinian Corpuscle

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17
Q

What are the skin appendages?

A

Hair, Nails, Glands

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18
Q

These are elongated keratinized structures synonymous with stratum corneum.

A

Hair

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19
Q

Hair is present everywhere except:

  1. ______________________
  2. ______________________
A
  1. Palms and Soles

2. Mucocutaneous junctions

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20
Q

Type of hair that is fine, soft, lightly-pigmented, and is found throughout most of the body.

A

Vellus Hair

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21
Q

Type of hair that is long, coarse, more pigmented, and is found on the scalp, eyebrows, etc. It is also rooted in the dermis and hypodermis.

A

Terminal Hair

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22
Q

Smooth muscle attached to the follicle and underside of the epidermis. It changes the orientation of hair from oblique to upright to trap warm air.

A

Arrector Pili

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23
Q

Deep invagination of the epidermis that contains the hair.

A

Hair Follicle

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24
Q

What are the components of the Pilosebaceous Unit

A
  1. Hair follicle
  2. Sebaceous gland
  3. Apocrine gland (Not always)
  4. Arrector pili
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25
Contrast hair shafts from the epidermis.
Hair shaft - hard keratin - more sulfur bonds and closely packed so it is harder - no filaggrin - will not exfoliate/desquamate Epidermis - soft keratin - with filaggrin - desquamates
26
These are interlocking cuticles of hair shaft and inner root sheath.
Hair locks
27
Form the roof shingle-like structure facing outward.
Hair Cuticle
28
Interlocks with hair cuticle in a way that when the hair shaft is growing out, it drags the inner sheath with it.
Sheath Cuticle
29
To which the sebaceous gland and arrector pili muscle are attached.
Hair follicle
30
What are the three segments of a hair follicle?
1. Infundibulum 2. Isthmus 3. Inferior segment
31
Segment of the hair follicle that extends from the surface opening to the opening of its sebaceous gland.
Infundibulum
32
Where stem cells of the hair are aggregated
Bulge region
33
Segment of the hair follicle that extends from the infundibulum to the attachment of the arrector pili muscle
Isthmus
34
Segment of the hair follicle that is only present during the growing phase
Inferior segment
35
Produces the hair shaft
Hair bulb
36
Determines hair color
Melanin
37
Component of the hair bulb that has melanocytes
Hair matrix / root
38
Teardrop-shaped base of the hair bulb
Hair papilla
39
Multilayered cellular covering that surrounds the deep part of the hair. It grows out with the hair shaft.
Internal root sheath
40
Layer of the hair follicle that is vacuolated (rich in glycogen) and continuous with the epidermis and hair matrix
External root sheath
41
Connective tissue condensed around the hair follicle
Fibrous sheath
42
Longest stage in the hair cycle
Growing stage (Anagen)
43
Shortest stage in the hair cycle. It’s when the hair matrix/root detaches from the hair papilla.
Regressing stage (Catagen)
44
Hair cycle stage where a club hair is produced.
Resting stage (Telogen)
45
Simple branched alveolar/acinar gland that is an outgrowth of the external root sheath. It produces sebum.
Sebaceous gland
46
Main component of sebum
Triglycerides
47
Glands that produce pheromones
Apocrine gland
48
Only gland with apocrine type of secretion
Mammary gland
49
Type of secretion of apocrine glands
Merocrine type of secetion
50
Epidermis is a _______________________________. Dermis is a _______________________________. Hypodermis is a _______________________________.
Epidermis - squamous keratinized epithelial tissue Dermis - dense irregular connective tissue Hypodermis - modified loose connective tissue
51
List the layers of the epidermis from outer to inner.
``` Stratum corneum Stratum lucidum (absent in thin skin) Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale ```
52
An epidermal cell that produces keratin
Keratinocyte
53
Layer of the skin that functions for pliability, elasticity, and tensile strength
Dermis
54
Layer of the skin that serves as insulator, shock absorber, and energy storage
Hypodermis / Subcutaneous Tissue
55
True or False. Cells in the stratum corneum have nuclei.
False. Cells in the stratume corneum have keratinized, flattened, lost their cytoplasm and organelles including the nucleus.
56
Disease wherein there is an increase in the production of keratin but not in the desquamation rate, resulting in thick skin.
Psoriasis
57
What is the term used to describe the structure of the epidermis?
Brick and Mortar structure. | The brick is composed of the keratinocytes while the mortar is the lipids (ceramide).
58
In the epidermis: Proliferating layer: ____________________ Differentiating layer: ____________________
Proliferating layer: Basal layer / stratum basale | Differentiating layer: The rest of the epidermis
59
Which epidermal layer has keratohyalin granules?
Stratum granulosum
60
Dark and deeply staining granules that produce filaggrin and tricohyalin. They also promote aggregation of keratin filaments to tonofibrils. Therefore, they initiate the conversion of granular cells to cornified cells.
Keratohyalin granules
61
Thickest layer of the epidermis
Stratum spinosum
62
What creates the spine-like appearance of the stratum spinosum?
The desmosomes that provide strong cellular adhesion. They are formed from protein plaques in the cell membranes linked by filaments.
63
These structures from the stratum spinosum secrete ceramide
Lamellar granules
64
Another term for stratum basale
Stratum germinativum
65
A single proliferating layer of mitotic stem cells in the epidermis
Stratum basale
66
A neural crest-derived dendritic cell responsible for the production of melanin
Melanocyte
67
Metabolically active organelle that converts tyrosine to either pheomelanin or eumelanin
Melanosomes
68
Type of melanin found in fair skin
Pheomelanin
69
Type of melanin found in dark skin
Eumelanin
70
A bone marrow-derived dendritic cell responsible for immune surveilance in the skin
Langerhans’ cell They serve as antigen-presenting cells.
71
A form of dermatitis caused by allergic reaction to annallergen
Allergic contact dermatitis

OS 203 (4 decks)

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