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OS 203 > Trans 1 > Flashcards

Trans 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of tissue is the dermis?

A

Dense, irregular connective tissue

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2
Q

True or False. The Papillary Dermis has more amorphous cells, ground substances, and capillaries than there are fibers.

A

True

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3
Q

What layer of the dermis has a Type III collagen?

A

Papillary Dermis

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4
Q

What are the 2 elastic fibers present in the Papillary Dermis?

A

Oxytalan and Elaunin

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5
Q

Which layer of the dermis has Type I collagen?

A

Reticular Dermis

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6
Q

It is an autoimmune attack against the fibroblasts therefore they produce excess collagen, resulting to very thick skin.

A

Scleroderma

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7
Q

Glomus bodies provide thermoregulation via structures that divert blood from arteries directly into veins without passing through capillaries. What are these structures?

A

Arteriovenous shunt / Arteriovenous anastamoses

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8
Q

Eccrine glands open to the skin surface via ____________.

A

Sweat pores

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9
Q

What type of secretion do eccrine glands have?

A

Merocrine type of secretion - secretory vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane

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10
Q

Two segments of the eccrine gland?

A

Ductal and Secretory

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11
Q

These cells mediate the slowly-adapting and sustained touch response.

A

Merkel Cells

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12
Q

These are responsible for the sensations of itch, pain, and temperature. They are also the most numerous neuronal receptors in the epidermis.

A

Free Nerve Endings

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13
Q

Where do free nerve endings terminate?

A

Stratum granulosum

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14
Q

What is the temperature barrier between heat and pain?

A

46 degree Celsius

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15
Q

Which receptor located in the dermal papillae is responsible for rapidly adapting light touches?

A

Meissner Corpuscle

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16
Q

Which receptor found in the hypodermis is responsible for the feeling of vibration and pressure?

A

Pacinian Corpuscle

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17
Q

What are the skin appendages?

A

Hair, Nails, Glands

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18
Q

These are elongated keratinized structures synonymous with stratum corneum.

A

Hair

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19
Q

Hair is present everywhere except:

  1. ______________________
  2. ______________________
A
  1. Palms and Soles

2. Mucocutaneous junctions

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20
Q

Type of hair that is fine, soft, lightly-pigmented, and is found throughout most of the body.

A

Vellus Hair

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21
Q

Type of hair that is long, coarse, more pigmented, and is found on the scalp, eyebrows, etc. It is also rooted in the dermis and hypodermis.

A

Terminal Hair

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22
Q

Smooth muscle attached to the follicle and underside of the epidermis. It changes the orientation of hair from oblique to upright to trap warm air.

A

Arrector Pili

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23
Q

Deep invagination of the epidermis that contains the hair.

A

Hair Follicle

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24
Q

What are the components of the Pilosebaceous Unit

A
  1. Hair follicle
  2. Sebaceous gland
  3. Apocrine gland (Not always)
  4. Arrector pili
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25
Q

Contrast hair shafts from the epidermis.

A

Hair shaft

  • hard keratin
  • more sulfur bonds and closely packed so it is harder
  • no filaggrin
  • will not exfoliate/desquamate

Epidermis

  • soft keratin
  • with filaggrin
  • desquamates
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26
Q

These are interlocking cuticles of hair shaft and inner root sheath.

A

Hair locks

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27
Q

Form the roof shingle-like structure facing outward.

A

Hair Cuticle

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28
Q

Interlocks with hair cuticle in a way that when the hair shaft is growing out, it drags the inner sheath with it.

A

Sheath Cuticle

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29
Q

To which the sebaceous gland and arrector pili muscle are attached.

A

Hair follicle

30
Q

What are the three segments of a hair follicle?

A
  1. Infundibulum
  2. Isthmus
  3. Inferior segment
31
Q

Segment of the hair follicle that extends from the surface opening to the opening of its sebaceous gland.

A

Infundibulum

32
Q

Where stem cells of the hair are aggregated

A

Bulge region

33
Q

Segment of the hair follicle that extends from the infundibulum to the attachment of the arrector pili muscle

A

Isthmus

34
Q

Segment of the hair follicle that is only present during the growing phase

A

Inferior segment

35
Q

Produces the hair shaft

A

Hair bulb

36
Q

Determines hair color

A

Melanin

37
Q

Component of the hair bulb that has melanocytes

A

Hair matrix / root

38
Q

Teardrop-shaped base of the hair bulb

A

Hair papilla

39
Q

Multilayered cellular covering that surrounds the deep part of the hair. It grows out with the hair shaft.

A

Internal root sheath

40
Q

Layer of the hair follicle that is vacuolated (rich in glycogen) and continuous with the epidermis and hair matrix

A

External root sheath

41
Q

Connective tissue condensed around the hair follicle

A

Fibrous sheath

42
Q

Longest stage in the hair cycle

A

Growing stage (Anagen)

43
Q

Shortest stage in the hair cycle. It’s when the hair matrix/root detaches from the hair papilla.

A

Regressing stage (Catagen)

44
Q

Hair cycle stage where a club hair is produced.

A

Resting stage (Telogen)

45
Q

Simple branched alveolar/acinar gland that is an outgrowth of the external root sheath. It produces sebum.

A

Sebaceous gland

46
Q

Main component of sebum

A

Triglycerides

47
Q

Glands that produce pheromones

A

Apocrine gland

48
Q

Only gland with apocrine type of secretion

A

Mammary gland

49
Q

Type of secretion of apocrine glands

A

Merocrine type of secetion

50
Q

Epidermis is a _______________________________.
Dermis is a _______________________________.
Hypodermis is a _______________________________.

A

Epidermis - squamous keratinized epithelial tissue
Dermis - dense irregular connective tissue
Hypodermis - modified loose connective tissue

51
Q

List the layers of the epidermis from outer to inner.

A 
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum (absent in thin skin)
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
52
Q

An epidermal cell that produces keratin

A

Keratinocyte

53
Q

Layer of the skin that functions for pliability, elasticity, and tensile strength

A

Dermis

54
Q

Layer of the skin that serves as insulator, shock absorber, and energy storage

A

Hypodermis / Subcutaneous Tissue

55
Q

True or False. Cells in the stratum corneum have nuclei.

A

False.

Cells in the stratume corneum have keratinized, flattened, lost their cytoplasm and organelles including the nucleus.

56
Q

Disease wherein there is an increase in the production of keratin but not in the desquamation rate, resulting in thick skin.

A

Psoriasis

57
Q

What is the term used to describe the structure of the epidermis?

A

Brick and Mortar structure.

The brick is composed of the keratinocytes while the mortar is the lipids (ceramide).

58
Q

In the epidermis:

Proliferating layer: ____________________
Differentiating layer: ____________________

A

Proliferating layer: Basal layer / stratum basale

Differentiating layer: The rest of the epidermis

59
Q

Which epidermal layer has keratohyalin granules?

A

Stratum granulosum

60
Q

Dark and deeply staining granules that produce filaggrin and tricohyalin. They also promote aggregation of keratin filaments to tonofibrils. Therefore, they initiate the conversion of granular cells to cornified cells.

A

Keratohyalin granules

61
Q

Thickest layer of the epidermis

A

Stratum spinosum

62
Q

What creates the spine-like appearance of the stratum spinosum?

A

The desmosomes that provide strong cellular adhesion. They are formed from protein plaques in the cell membranes linked by filaments.

63
Q

These structures from the stratum spinosum secrete ceramide

A

Lamellar granules

64
Q

Another term for stratum basale

A

Stratum germinativum

65
Q

A single proliferating layer of mitotic stem cells in the epidermis

A

Stratum basale

66
Q

A neural crest-derived dendritic cell responsible for the production of melanin

A

Melanocyte

67
Q

Metabolically active organelle that converts tyrosine to either pheomelanin or eumelanin

A

Melanosomes

68
Q

Type of melanin found in fair skin

A

Pheomelanin

69
Q

Type of melanin found in dark skin

A

Eumelanin

70
Q

A bone marrow-derived dendritic cell responsible for immune surveilance in the skin

A

Langerhans’ cell

They serve as antigen-presenting cells.

71
Q

A form of dermatitis caused by allergic reaction to annallergen

A

Allergic contact dermatitis

OS 203 (4 decks)

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