Tranquilizers

Question 1

Tranquilization

Answer 1

state of behavioral change, in which the patient is relaxed, unconquered by surroundings, & often indifferent to minor pain

Question 2

What is the goal of tranquilizers?

Answer 2

Alleviate anxiety w/o affecting clarity of consciousness

Question 3

Uses of tranquilizers

Answer 3

• Tranquilized BEFORE handling
• Pre-anestheic
• enhance smooth recovery
• some skeletal muscle realization

Question 4

What is the diff in true sedation vs tranquilizer?

Answer 4

In contrast to tranquilizers, only real sedatives at HIGH does levels cause a profound CNS depression that resemble anesthesia

Tranquilizers do NOT provide analgesia & loud noises stimulation can reverse the calming effects of the drugs

Question 5

Phenothiazine

Answer 5

most commonly used tranquilizer
• blockade of effects of dopamine, by antagonizing dopamine excitatory receptors & depressing connection to the cerebral cortex

Use
• Tranquilization
• anti-emetics

Question 6

What are undesirable side effects of phenothiazine?

Answer 6

• Vasodilation –> hypotension

• due to blockage of alpha-adrenergic receptors
• • Do Not give Epi!!

Question 7

Acepromazine

Answer 7

• Pre-medication for general anesthesia 
       -- Low dose
       -- prevents bradycadia (w/ atropine)
• Tranquilization 
       -- higher dose 
*** Precaution
• DO NOT use Epi
• avoid in seizure patients --> reduces threshold

Question 8

Promazine Hydrochloride

Answer 8

Dogs:
• Anti-emesis (1/3 -1/2 dose used to tranqu)
• utilized in self mutilation anxiety

Horse
• Do NOT use w/ Equine COLIC (hypotension!)

Question 9

Butyrophenones

Answer 9

MOA (dopamine antagonist)
• Mainly dopamine receptor blockade
–> inhibits central action of catecholamines

Side effects
• Hypotension
- less severe than w/ phenothiazine
• Do NOT use w/ Epi

Question 10

Drugs used to restrain wild animals

Answer 10

Short acting

1. Azaperone
2. Haloperidol

Long acting

1. Zuclopenthixol
2. Perphenazine
3. Pipothiazine palmtate

Question 11

Which short acting drug is used in combo w/ long acting tranquilizer?

Answer 11

Azaperone

Question 12

Long acting tranquilizers

Answer 12

Phenothiazine derivatives
• lasts several weeks
• prolonged duration due to creation of FA ester of active drug & dissolving it in oil

**Given IM ONLY!!
• creates deposit from which drug slowly diffuses
• activation occurs in blood (ester hydrolyzed