Traits Test Flashcards
stereotype
an untrue belief that many people have about all people or things with a particular characteristic
prejudice
an unfair feeling of dislike for a person or group because of race, sex, or religion.
racism
discrimination and prejudice against people based on their race or ethnicity
discrimination
prejudicial treatment of people and groups based on their race or ethnicity
scapegoat
a person who is blamed for something someone else has done
group think
mode of thinking in which individual members of small cohesive groups tend to accept a viewpoint that represents a perceived group consensus
compliance
one gives into social pressure but doesn’t actually change beliefs
conformity
acting in accordance with authority
obedience
behavior that’s respectful and mindful of rules and laws
transfer of authority
to allow for someone else to be in charge of something
Personality
sum of characteristics that make one unique
(Nature- DNA vs. Nurture-environment)
Behavioral
-a theory suggesting that environment shapes human behavior
-operant and classical conditioning
-only concerned about observable behavior and current issue
-client expected to take specific action= assignment/experiment
-3 foundations (eat, sleep, exercise)
Psychoanalysis
- a method of therapy in which the patient talks about experiences, early childhood, and dreams
-emphasis on repressed thoughts
-goal is to make the unconscious conscious to get better
-defense mechanisms no longer needed
-Freud’s concept of personality
Freud’s concept of personality
(Psychoanalysis)
1). ID (baby): Instinct, lust, seeks immediate gratification, impulsive (wants to do)
2). Ego (parent): Rational, thoughtful, job is to satisfy the ID without offending super ego (plans to do)
3). Super Ego (judge): conscience countense the ID (should do)
Cognitive Behavioral
-a structured, goal-oriented type of talk therapy
-people have the potential for rational and irrational thinking
-we create and learn these beliefs from significant others during childhood
-ABC Theory
1). A: Activating Event
2). B: Belief
3). C: Consequence
4). D: Debate and dispute
5). E: Effective Philosophy
6). F: Feeling improved
Humanism
- focuses on each individual’s potential and stresses the importance of growth and self-actualization
Self Actualized Traits:
-Realistic, Accepting and Appreciative, Spontaneous, Not self centered, private, independent, spiritually opened, empathetic, few close friends, fair attitude, creative
-Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy/ pyramid of needs for self actualizing - Carl Rogers Theory of humanism
Abraham Maslow’s pyramid
^ Self transcending: helping others become SA
^ Self Actualized
^ Esteem (respect)
^ Love
^ Safety
^ Physiological Needs (food)
Carl Rogers Humanism
-unconditional positive regard (listen, empathize and care) - Validation
- when one tries to please others or fit ideas of what society thinks they should be is when they become incongruent
- people naturally want to be SA
Social Learning
-suggests that social behavior is learned by observing and imitating the behavior of others.
- we learn in a social context that can occur through observation or instruction that shapes behavior
- Erik Erikson’s theory of development
-nobody develops alone
- 8 stages with a crisis in each stage
Trust vs Mistrust
Adaptive vs. Maladaptive Behavior
Maladaptive behavior is defined as behavior that interferes with an individual’s activities of daily living or ability to adjust to and participate in particular settings.
BF Skinner
-proposed the theory of operant conditioning
- rat project
- behaviorist
Jean Piaget
Piaget proposed four major stages of cognitive development, and called them
Sensorimotor. Birth through ages 18-24 months.
Preoperational. Toddlerhood (18-24 months) through early childhood (age 7)
Concrete operational. Ages 7 to 11.
Formal operational. Adolescence through adulthood.
Carl Jung
Jung believed that the human psyche had three parts: the ego, personal unconscious and collective unconscious
- people experience the world using four principal psychological functions – sensation, intuition, feeling, and thinking
