Trait Approaches Ch.7&8

Question 1

Allport & Odbert lexical approach and results

Answer 1

•18000 person descriptive English words 
•initial division:
Traits 
States
Activities
Other (evaluations,skills, etc)

Question 2

Cattell’s 16 PF

Answer 2

• 5000 traits into 200 clusters then 35 variables
• 16 personality factors
• cattell’s 16PF could not be replicated independently

Question 3

Factor analysis

Answer 3

A statistical method to identify clusters or groups of correlated traits

Data reduction

Question 4

Big 5 Model E

Answer 4

Extraversion, enthusiasm, energy
•talkative,outgoing, not reserved, assertive, forceful, energetic

Examples: E+ Homer Simpson E- Smithers

Question 5

Big 5 A

Answer 5

Agreeableness, altruism, Affection
•considerate,cooperative,not rude, pro social , trusting, not cold or aloof

A+ Marge Simpson A- Monty burns

Question 6

Big 5 C

Answer 6

Conscientiousness, constraint, control

• careful, methodical, thinks before speaking, task-focused, efficient, not easily distracted

C+Lisa Simpson C- Barney Gumble

Question 7

Big 5 N

Answer 7

• Neuroticism, negative affectivity, Nervousness
• tense, easily upset, not relaxed, worries much versus emotionally stable, handles stress well

N+ moe N- rev. Love joy

Question 8

Big 5 O

Answer 8

• Openness, Originality, Open-mindedness
• enjoys thinking, reflecting on experience, has rich and vivid emotional inner life, not bland

O+ Lisa Simpson O- Abe Simpson

Question 9

Why are big 5 called big

Answer 9

• it is so broad at the highest level of abstraction or generality in a hierarchical model
• includes 5000 traits that is about 1000 individual traits for each factor

Question 10

Levels of abstraction

Answer 10

• Broadest: factor e.g.: extraversion
• Lower: facet e.g.: sociability
• Even lower: habits e.g.: entertaining strangers
• Lowest: specific behaviors eg: telling a joke

Question 11

Facets for Extraversion

Answer 11

Warmth
Positive emotion
Activity level
Excitement seeking

Ex: Bill Clinton

Question 12

Facets for Agreeableness

Answer 12

Trust
Altruism
Modesty
Compliance

Ex:radar

Question 13

Facets for conscientiousness

Answer 13

Order
Deliberation
Competence
Self-discipline

Ex:Spock

Question 14

Facets for neuroticism

Answer 14

Anxiety
Depression
Vulnerability
Angry hostility

Ex:woody Allen

Question 15

Facets for openness

Answer 15

Ideas
Actions
Values
Aesthetics

Ex: Lewis Carroll

Question 16

Allports different kind of traits

Answer 16

Cardinal traits
Unique traits
Idiographic traits

Question 17

Cardinal traits

Answer 17

Picking two traits from each facet of the big 5 which is your most fundamental trait

Question 18

Unique traits

Answer 18

Not included in the big 5

Question 19

Idiographic

Answer 19

Believed that everybody is so different and unique that one single system like the big 5 cannot describe all folks

Question 20

Three factor theory (PEN) by Eysenck

Answer 20

Psychoticism
Extraversion
Neuroticism

P= low a and low c of big 5

Question 21

Traits that go up during maturity

Answer 21

Agreeableness and conscientiousness
Self-acceptance
Confidence

Question 22

Traits that decrease in adulthood

Answer 22

Neuroticism

Question 23

What drops @ age 10

Answer 23

Conscientiousness

Question 24

What trait drops in teens

Answer 24

Agreeableness

Question 25

What are the substantial age differences during adolescence

Answer 25

Bottom out in c and a in mid-adolescence

Question 26

What personality change age differences continue after adolescence

Answer 26

Big increases in A and C

Smaller decreases in N,E, and O during adulthood

Question 27

MBTI Dimensions

Answer 27

Energy source: Extravert vs introvert
Data gathering: sensor bs intuitive
Decision making: thinker vs feeler
Outer world orientation: judger vs perceiver

Question 28

What are MBTI criticisms

Answer 28

Either or types do not exist
Most people score in the middle
Implies low retest reliability for people in the middle
Nonnegative affect