Training & Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Methods of Training

A

There are different ways to train staff and each method has its own costs and benefits. Different methods include:
- apprenticeships
- graduate training schemes
- corporate training schemes
- work-based qualifications
- continuing professional development

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2
Q

What is an Apprenticeship?

A

A method of paid on-the-job training that combines learning practical skills with theoretical knowledge.
Formal qualifications are gained while working and learning on-the job combined with days at college as required.

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3
Q

Costs and Benefits of Apprenticeships

A

COSTS:
- Involves a high degree of supervision from experienced staff
members which can be time consuming
- Apprentices may make mistakes while they are training which may
harm the reputation of the company
- Apprentices are paid a wage while they are training
- No guarantee of job security once apprenticeship is completed

BENEFITS:
- Professional qualifications can be gained
- Training is specifically tailored to suit the firms needs and job role
- Less costly as training takes place while performing the job

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4
Q

What are Graduate Training Schemes?

A

Programs offered by companies to people who have recently gained a degree qualification from university.
They normally last between one and two years and allow the graduate to experience different aspects of the business throughout their training.

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5
Q

Costs and Benefits of Graduate Training Schemes

A

COSTS:
- No guarantee of a job at the end of the training scheme
- Can be time consuming to carry out the on-the-job training required
- Graduate might leave once training is completed
BENEFITS:
- Gives graduates experience of a working environment
- Graduates can gain the skills required to work permanently for the organisation
- Graduates can experience different departments and gain a range of skills
- Organisation can decide where best to employ graduates at the end of the training scheme

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6
Q

What are Corporate Training Schemes?

A

Offered by organisations to employees within the company.
The employees will participate in training courses to further develop their skills within the organisation.
Ensures employees can learn new skills to enhance the quality of their work or to advance within the organisation. The training can take place at college, external training providers or within the organisation.

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7
Q

Costs and Benefits of Corporate Training Schemes

A

COSTS:
- Can be time consuming to carry out the training required
- Can be costly for the organisation to provide training and subsequent wage rises
BENEFITS:
- Standard of work can improve through training
- Employees will be more motivated

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8
Q

What is a Work-based Qualification?

A

Formal qualifications that can be gained while working, employees will learn the skills required to gain the qualification while carrying out their job.

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9
Q

Costs and Benefits of Work-based Qualifications

A

COSTS:
- Qualifications can take a long time if completed on a part-time basis
- Employee may leave the organisation once qualification is gained
- Costly to pay for people to carry out the training
BENEFITS:
- Training is specifically tailored to suit the firms needs
- Training takes place in the work place so minimal cost to the organisation
- Employees can gain a recognised qualification
Standard of work can improve through training
Employee has a better chance of promotion or a wage rise when qualification is gained

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10
Q

What is Continuing Professional Development (CPD)?

A

Training that takes place through a career to ensure that employees stay up to date with the knowledge and skills required to do a job or advance in their career.
CPD can take the form of on-line training, conferences, events, workshops or meetings.

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11
Q

Costs and Benefits of CPD

A

COSTS:
- May take people away from their work in order to complete training
- Can cost the organisation money to send workers on training courses
BENEFITS:
- Improves the skills of staff which can lead to better quality goods or service
- Motivates staff as they are better able to do their job and feel the company is investing in their training
Ensures the organisation keeps staff up to date with mandatory training requirements

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12
Q

What are the three main types of training carried out in the workplace?

A
  • induction
  • on-the-job
  • off-the-job
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13
Q

What is Induction Training?

A

Offered to new employees when they join an organisation and usually includes:
- a tour of the premises
- health and safety information
- specific training on any duties/skills required to do the job
- company policies such as holiday entitlement and absence
procedures
- introduction to colleagues

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14
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of Induction Training?

A

ADVANTAGES:
- Employees will settle quickly into the job
- Employees will be made aware of important health and safety
issues before starting the job
- Employees will understand who the main personnel in the
organisation are
DISADVANTAGE:
- Takes time so reduces output

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15
Q

On-the-job Training

A

Training that is undertaken in your place of work. Businesses can carry out several different types of on-the-job training:
- Coaching
- Role Play
- Job Rotation
- Shadowing
- Demonstration

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16
Q

Coaching

A

An experienced member of staff will work through a task step-by-step with an employee.
The experienced member of staff or ‘coach’ will support the employee through the learning process by passing on their knowledge and skills.

17
Q

Role Play

A

Involves acting out a scenario to see how an employee would perform under certain conditions.
This will allow the employee to practice appropriate ways to deal with situations that may occur in the workplace.

18
Q

Job rotation

A

Members of staff can be rotated or moved through different jobs within the organisation so they acquire a range of skills from each department or job role.

19
Q

Shadowing

A

Shadowing is when an employee observes another employee working to gain a better understanding of how they do their job. This is usually for a set period of time such as a few days.

20
Q

Demonstration

A

Demonstration is when an employee watches a task or a particular process being carried out and then attempts the task/process themselves.

21
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of on-the-job training?

A

ADVANTAGES:
- Training is specific to the company’s needs
- Work is not interrupted by staff attending training courses outwith
the office
- May be cheaper as internal training does not need to be paid for
- Employees will feel more at ease
DISADVANTAGES:
- Quality of training may not be as good
- May pick up bad habits from other workers
- Concentration may be poor due to work interruptions

22
Q

Off-the-job Training

A

Training undertaken outside the place of work. This training can take place at many locations such as colleges or training centres.

23
Q

Colleges

A

Colleges are formal places of learning where employees can take a specific course. This may be through:
- day release
- evening classes
- distance learning

24
Q

Training Centres

A

A location specifically designed for training. Staff are sent to training centres to learn new skills.
Off-the-job training has a number of advantages and disadvantages

25
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of Off-the-job Training

A

ADVANTAGES:
- Higher quality training usually delivered by experts
- Higher levels of concentration as less interruptions
DISADVANTAGES:
- Cost of external training courses may be high
- Productivity decreases due to time being spent away from the place
of work
- Employees may learn skills that are not relevant to the business

26
Q

Staff Appraisals

A

A yearly performance review between an employee and their line manager.
They reflect on the year just passed, and then:
- identify training needs
- identify areas for improvement
- discuss if specific targets from the previous aprraisal have been met

27
Q

one-to-one appraisal

A

A regular and formal review of an employee’s performance by their line manager, normally takes place at least once a year.
Involve a review on an employee’s progress towards their targets. Time is taken to set targets for coming year.
There is an opportunity during this appraisal to identify training needs and future career plans.

28
Q

360-degree appraisal

A

An evaluation of an employee’s performance that considers feedback and opinions from:
- line managers
- peers
- subordinates
- the employee themselves
Each person asked to take part in a 360-degree appraisal is given a set of identical questions about the employee. The answers will be used to compare and analyse how the employee is performing. This will help them with self-evaluation and improvement.
A 360-degree appraisal allows for different viewpoints to be considered when reviewing your performance and identifying future training needs.

29
Q

Peer-to-peer Appraisal

A

Excludes an employee’s line manager. Other workers in the same or similar position are asked to provide feedback on different aspects of an employee’s performance.

30
Q

Benefits of Appraisals

A
  • can motivate employees as employers have chance to acknowledge any good work or improved performance
  • training needs can be identified which will lead to higher standard of work
  • targets can be set for employees which will lead to increased motivation and purpose
  • good practice can be identified and shared across the organisation
  • improved employee relations as managers and employees have time to have a professional discussion and resolve any problems
  • opportunity for wage increases and promotions may occur through using appraisals
31
Q

Costs of Appraisals

A
  • can be time consuming to carry out appraisal with all members of staff
  • negative appraisals can lead to demotivated staff
  • employees may feel under pressure during an appraisal and take on too many development tasks