Training and Testing

Question 1

What is the difference between the effects of training and exercise on the CVS?

Answer 1

The effects of training is long-term changes known as fundamental adaptations, exercise causes short term changes.

Question 2

Why are these fundamental adaptations needed?

Answer 2

To allow the body to cope with the imposed workload.

Question 3

What do the adaptations caused by training allow the body to do?

Answer 3

Increase the oxygen supply to respiring cells.

Question 4

Describe long term changes to the heart.

Answer 4

Cardiac hypertrophy (‘heart over feeding’, increase in size especially left ventricle)
The muscle fibres become thicker because the cell has more contractile elements.
Cardaic muscle strength increases which causes greater SV.

Question 5

What happens to CO, HR during exercise and HR at rest?

Answer 5

Co increases (increase of 60%),
max HR increases (because cardiac muscle is stronger) but remains lower when workload increased,
resting HR is reduced

Question 6

How is the increase of oxygen supply possible?

Answer 6

Myocardial circulation improved by denser capillary networks.
Skeletal muscles develop denser capillary networks.