Osteoporosis and diabetes Flashcards
How does a bone become denser and stronger?
As more calcium is deposited.
How is bone tissue being remodelled?
Constantly (because it is a living tissue) by osteoclasts (remove old bone material) and osteoblasts (reconstruct new bone material).
What is osteoclast activity regulated by?
Oestrogen levels.
How long does it take in an adult for all bone cells to be replaced?
7 years.
What happens from age 30 onwards?
A progressive loss of calcium from the bones.
when does osteoporosis occur?
When a gradual loss of bone density causes bones to become more porous and brittle and more susceptible to fracture.
What groups are affected most by osteoporosis?
Post-menopausal women and later on in men.
Why are post-menopausal women more affected?
Production of oestrogen decreases, decreasing osteablast activity.
Who has lower risk of osteoporosis and why?
Physically fit people because they have greater bone density.
What are the best forms of exercise to reduce risk of osteoporosis?
Regular weight-bearing exercise at moderate intensity (running, walking or dancing).
Why is exercise recommended to women in 20s and 30s?
reduces risk and delays the progress of osteoporosis in later life by increasing bone density.
When can exercise not be beneficial?
If oestrogen levels are low.
What are the two hormones that interact in a negative feedback system to control blood glucose levels?
Insulin and glucagon.
When does insulin act and how? What is it released by?
When blood levels are high insulin secretion by pancreas cells increases allowing more glucose to be absorbed by liver cells.
what are the 2 functions of insulin?
Making glucose bind to receptor cells in the liver and stimulating glycogen synthesis in liver cells.
