traditional gender identities Flashcards
1
Q
parsons
A
- expressive role: females
- instrumental roles: males
- These roles are functional for the family and society.
2
Q
expressive roles
A
- parsons
- which is natural and based on their childbearing role but it is reinforced by socialisation.
3
Q
instrumental roles
A
- parsons
- is a breadwinner and being a protector. This is also natural and based on physical strength but also reinforced through socialisation.
4
Q
Oakley
A
- gender role socialisation takes place in 4 main ways and that primary socialisation is key to developing a sense of gender identity.
5
Q
4 main ways that gender role socialisation takes place
A
- Oakley
- manipulation
- canalisation
- verbal appellations
- domestic activities
6
Q
manipulation
A
- Oakley
- encouraging or discouraging gender appropriate behaviour
7
Q
canalisation
A
- Oakley
- parents directing children’s interests into certain toys and plays
8
Q
verbal appellations
A
- Oakley
- parents using stereotypical feminine and masculine descriptions
9
Q
domestic activities
A
- oakley
- children having cultural expectations of future responsibilities based on gender
10
Q
mcrobbie
A
- Suggested that there are 2 reasons for the absence of girls in the study of youth subcultures.
- cult of femininity.
- Bedroom culture
11
Q
1 reason for the absence of girls in the study of youth subculture
A
- mcrobbie
- When girls were mentioned by male researchers they were often described in terms of their physical attractiveness
- some researchers also had difficulties getting responses from girls during research.
12
Q
2nd reason for the absence of girls in the study of youth subculture
A
- Girls participated less in subcultures and when they did take part, they played smaller roles than boys.
- subcultures were male dominated like the rest of society and the limited roles of girls was a self fulfilling prophecy.
- Girls have a restricted future due to given the lack of qualifications and limited job qualifications
13
Q
cult of femininity
A
- mcrobbie
- friendship and a shared culture with other girls/ idolization of pop stars/ fashion/ makeup/ involved a tendency to have a girl best friend
- due to restricted future/ made life more bearable/ prepares girls for their future of romance and marriage
14
Q
bedroom culture
A
- mcrobbie
- where the culture of femininity is practiced/ a space girls retreat away from the outside world and away from the humiliation and harassment from boys
15
Q
Lincoln
A
- bedroom culture still existed
- but girls bedrooms were no longer as private
- Televisions and access to the internet were common and so the outside world was allowed in
- Girls were no longer excluded males from their bedrooms as they are now more likely to allow boyfriends in but remained a female territory
16
Q
nakuamara
A
- women are stereotyped in the media, digital communications
- the internet are increasingly being used by women from a range of different ethnic and class backgrounds as a forum for support when they face discrimination and inequality
17
Q
Billington
A
the media presents masculinity as dominant and feminist as subordinate
18
Q
Ferguson
A
- cult of feminity
- conducted a content analysis of women’s magazines and counted the number of times of a certain topic was covered.
19
Q
cult of femininity
A
- Ferguson
- women’s magazines were based around cult of femininity
- promotes the ideas that excellence is achieved through caring for others, family, marriage and appearance.
20
Q
mitsos and Browne
A
- boys do less welll than girls in education
- suggested that one reason that boys do less well than girls in education is that teachers tended to be less strict with boys, giving them more leeway and allowing them to underachieve by failing to push them to their potential.
- Teachers were also more likely to label boys as disruptive and boys were more likely to have a ‘culture of masculinity’ which didn’t value educational achievement
21
Q
willis
A
- lads
- anti school subculture
- teachers would have expected them to fail in education and therefore wouldn’t have pushed them.
- Teachers knew that the boys were destined for manual labour jobs
22
Q
Skelton
A
- hidden curriculum
- hidden curriculum is responsible for perpetuating gender differences in subject choices
23
Q
kelly
A
- suggested that there were 2 reasons why science is being a more masculine subject:
1) science is packaged as a boys subject with textbooks containing pictures of boys and examples that would interest boys
2) Boys dominates science classrooms by shouting out answers and grabbing equipment first
24
Q
colley
A
school subject choices are affected by 3 things:
1) perception of gender roles
2) subject preferences
3) learning environment
25
Q
Mac an ghaill
A
- macho lads
- lost their traditional jobs and are unprepared for other jobs
- The workplace has become more feminised
- Faced a crisis of masculinity
26
Q
Adkins
A
- Labour market had gendered character
- There are jobs for men and women
- vertical segregation
- horizontal segregation
27
Q
vertical segregation
A
- Adkins
- an imbalance between men and women where in couples men would have the top positions and women clustered at the bottom of the hierarchy.
28
Q
horizontal segregation
A
- Adkins
- where men and women were elected to do different jobs e.g women - childcare, men - construction.
29
Q
- expressive role: females
- instrumental roles: males
- These roles are functional for the family and society.
A
parsons
30
Q
- parsons
- which is natural and based on their childbearing role but it is reinforced by socialisation.
A
expressive roles
31
Q
- parsons
- is a breadwinner and being a protector. This is also natural and based on physical strength but also reinforced through socialisation.
A
instrumental roles
32
Q
- gender role socialisation takes place in 4 main ways and that primary socialisation is key to developing a sense of gender identity.
A
Oakley
33
Q
- Oakley
- manipulation
- canalisation
- verbal appellations
- domestic activities
A
4 main ways that gender role socialisation takes place
34
Q
- Oakley
- encouraging or discouraging gender appropriate behaviour
A
manipulation
35
Q
- Oakley
- parents directing children’s interests into certain toys and plays
A
canalisation
36
Q
- Oakley
- parents using stereotypical feminine and masculine descriptions
A
verbal appellations
37
Q
- oakley
- children having cultural expectations of future responsibilities based on gender
A
domestic activities
38
Q
- Suggested that there are 2 reasons for the absence of girls in the study of youth subcultures.
- Culture of femininity.
- Bedroom culture
A
mcrobbie
39
Q
- mcrobbie
- When girls were mentioned by male researchers they were often described in terms of their physical attractiveness
- some researchers also had difficulties getting responses from girls during research.
A
1 reason for the absence of girls in the study of youth subculture
40
Q
- Girls participated less in subcultures and when they did take part, they played smaller roles than boys.
- subcultures were male dominated like the rest of society and the limited roles of girls was a self fulfilling prophecy.
- Girls have a restricted future due to given the lack of qualifications and limited job qualifications
A
2nd reason for the absence of girls in the study of youth subculture
41
Q
- mcrobbie
- friendship and a shared culture with other girls/ idolization of pop stars/ fashion/ makeup/ involved a tendency to have a girl best friend
- due to restricted future/ made life more bearable/ prepares girls for their future of romance and marriage
A
culture of femininity
42
Q
- mcrobbie
- where the culture of femininity is practiced/ a space girls retreat away from the outside world and away from the humiliation and harassment from boys
A
bedroom culture
43
Q
- bedroom culture still existed
- but girls bedrooms were no longer as private
- Televisions and access to the internet were common and so the outside world was allowed in
- Girls were no longer excluded males from their bedrooms as they are now more likely to allow boyfriends in but remained a female territory
A
Lincoln
44
Q
- women are stereotyped in the media, digital communications
- the internet are increasingly being used by women from a range of different ethnic and class backgrounds as a forum for support when they face discrimination and inequality
A
nakuamara
45
Q
the media presents masculinity as dominant and feminist as subordinate
A
Billington
46
Q
- cult of feminity
- conducted a content analysis of women’s magazines and counted the number of times of a certain topic was covered.
A
Ferguson
47
Q
- Ferguson
- women’s magazines were based around cult of femininity
- promotes the ideas that excellence is achieved through caring for others, family, marriage and appearance.
A
cult of femininity
48
Q
- boys do less welll than girls in education
- suggested that one reason that boys do less well than girls in education is that teachers tended to be less strict with boys, giving them more leeway and allowing them to underachieve by failing to push them to their potential.
- Teachers were also more likely to label boys as disruptive and boys were more likely to have a ‘culture of masculinity’ which didn’t value educational achievement
A
mitsos and Browne
49
Q
- lads
- anti school subculture
- teachers would have expected them to fail in education and therefore wouldn’t have pushed them.
- Teachers knew that the boys were destined for manual labour jobs
A
willis
50
Q
- hidden curriculum
- hidden curriculum is responsible for perpetuating gender differences in subject choices
A
Skelton
51
Q
- suggested that there were 2 reasons why science is being a more masculine subject:
1) science is packaged as a boys subject with textbooks containing pictures of boys and examples that would interest boys
2) Boys dominates science classrooms by shouting out answers and grabbing equipment first
A
kelly
52
Q
school subject choices are affected by 3 things:
1) perception of gender roles
2) subject preferences
3) learning environment
A
colley
53
Q
- macho lads
- lost their traditional jobs and are unprepared for other jobs
- The workplace has become more feminised
- Faced a crisis of masculinity
A
Mac an ghaill
54
Q
- Labour market had gendered character
- There are jobs for men and women
- vertical segregation
- horizontal segregation
A
Adkins
55
Q
- Adkins
- an imbalance between men and women where in couples men would have the top positions and women clustered at the bottom of the hierarchy.
A
vertical segregation
56
Q
- Adkins
- where men and women were elected to do different jobs e.g women - childcare, men - construction.
A
horizontal segregation
