changing gender identities

Question 1

Connell

Answer 1

• rather than masculinity referring to one type of behaviour, there are 4 different types of masculinity which emerge and change over time
• Hegemonic masculinity
• Complicit masculinity
• Subordinate masculinity
• Marginalised masculinity

Question 2

Hegemonic masculinity

Answer 2

the dominant and traditional style of masculinity with characteristics about toughness and aggression

Question 3

Complicit masculinity

Answer 3

men who believe that men and women should share roles within families

Question 4

Subordinate masculinity

Answer 4

masculines which are less powerful and carry lower status
e.g. homosexual masculinity

Question 5

marginalised masculinity

Answer 5

a masculine identity self by those men who did traditionally masculine jobs and now feel their masculinity under threat as many of those jobs have been lost

Question 6

mort

Answer 6

• study of consumption
• the changes in style which new man fashions changes in male identity in contemporary culture,
• Focused in particular on the changes in the portrayal of men and masculinity in the media
• Rise of fashion
• The changes in men’s consumption patterns were accompanied by sexualisation of the males body

Question 7

nixon

Answer 7

• ‘new man’
• launderette
• that it could be cool and acceptable for men to take the same amount of care over their personal appearance and clothes as women do.

Question 8

Jackson

Answer 8

• masculine and feminine identities are socially constructed meaning that gendered norms are relative which means that they can change over time
• assertive felinity
• ladettes

Question 9

assertive femininity

Answer 9

• Jackson
• femininity that has gone from submissive, passive to a more loud, vulgar and masculine behaviour and character

Question 10

ladettes

Answer 10

• Jackson
• girls from younger generation that adopt deviant behaviour

Question 11

Sharpe

Answer 11

• longitudinal study into girls attitudes towards education, work and marriage
• found that in more contemporary society their attitudes changed
• 1970s priorities were love, marriage, husbands and children
• 1990s girl’s priorities had changed to job, careers and being able to support themselves