Traditional Folk Arts

Question 1

These are simple structures built of local materials and available tools to provide shelter for its inhabitants.

Answer 1

Folk Architecture

Question 2

Also known as kamalig, it serves as an icon to Filipino lowland and rural culture. It is a stilt house with walls usually made up of bamboo rods and bamboo mats or sawali, and a thatched roof made up of anahaw or nipa.

Answer 2

Bahay Kubo or Nipa Hut

Question 3

It is a one-room house with an attic for storage. Located at the contour of the rice terraces, the exterior of the house looks like a pyramid resting on four posts, while the interior is enclosed by slanting walls and ceiling that appears to be spherical that are formed by the loft.

Answer 3

Bale or Ifugao House

Question 4

Most of the Ivatan houses are built with limestone walls, and cogon roofs, strong enough to withstand the typhoons and earthquakes that visit the province. It has narrow doors and windows with wooden shutters and often secured by wooden bars

Answer 4

Ivatan House in Batanes

Question 5

Literally means “a place for sleeping,” torogan is a stately house for the elite members of the Maranao tribe in Mindanao. As the house of the datu or sultan, it is a symbol of status and leadership. It also serves as a courthouse, hall for community meetings, and its courtyard as ritual areas for weddings.

Answer 5

Torogan or Maranao House

Question 6

Badjao, the sea gypsies of the Philippines, cruise along the islands of Sulu. Their unique ecological setting and fishing economy compel the Badjao to adjust to the limited space of their lepa or floating homes. Strong platforms are made on both ends of the boat for the fish, kitchen utensils and fishing gadgets with the kitchen area usually found at the back.

Answer 6

Badjao’s Stilt Houses and Houseboats

Question 7

These are simple marine vessels made for the transport of goods and people by sea and other waterways in the surrounding regions.

Answer 7

Maritime Transports

Question 8

The outrigger canoe is a small wooden boat used for transport in daily activities by people near the coast. It is sometimes highly decorated.

Answer 8

Wooden Banca

Question 9

It is a traditional boat made by Sama-Bajau (Badjao) and Moros living in the Sulu Archipelago, Zamboanga peninsula, and southern Mindanao. The assorted vertical colors in its sail represent the colorful culture of the Muslim community. These boats are used for inter-island transport of people and goods.

Answer 9

Vinta

Question 10

Early Filipinos weaved using fibers from abaca, cotton, pineapple and, bark. Before the final garment or fabric is produced, the fibers were first knotted, boiled, dyed, and dried and weaved using hands and a wooden platform. This tedious process spans from a week up to months.

Answer 10

Weaving, Textile making, and Fabric Art

Question 11

Piña weaving is the oldest industry of Aklan. Piña cloth is soft and looks delicate but it is durable and long-lasting. It is often used to our national costumes, the baro’t saya and barong. If the piña fiber is blended with silk, it is called “piña silk” and when mixed with abaca it is called “piña jusi.”

Answer 11

Piña fabric

Question 12

Woven by the T’boli women of Lake Sebu, South Cotabato, Mindanao, it represents the tribe’s culture and tradition. According to them, the unique designs and patterns on the cloth are bestowed upon them through dreams.

Answer 12

T’nalak woven cloth

Question 13

It serves both practical and spiritual purposes in the Pala’wan community life. It is used as a storage container for rice, salt, and personal belongings. It is also used to house the powerful female spirit Linamin et Kundu during a healing ritual called Kundu. It is handcrafted by the women from fine bamboo strips and made in natural colors.

Answer 13

Tingkep baskets

Question 14

Weaving is a happy activity for the Higaonon hinabol weavers of Bukidnon. Their ancestors have used abaca as a raw material for their clothing, footwear, blankets, and for their fishing gear.

Answer 14

Hinabol

Question 15

Made by the Yakan tribe from Basilan, it features elaborate geometric designs and patterns that are inspired by nature. The fabrics produced by the weavers are used for religious and ritual purposes, bartered for daily necessities, given as gifts, and used for peace offerings in times of conflict

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Answer 15

Yakan-weaved cloth

Question 16

For them, weaving is a sacred tradition passed on from mother to daughter. The tapis is a costume indigenous to the Kalinga and Apayao. It is a rectangular cloth woman wear as a wraparound skirt. The garment was woven using a backstrap loom and was embroidered with nature-inspired patterns.

Answer 16

The Tapis of the Kalinga Tribe

Question 17

From the northern part of the country down to the south, there is always a wood carving province that will amaze us. One of those is Paete in Laguna, the woodcarving capital of the Philippines. Wood is the common material that is widely used in the country. Other materials such as stone and metals such as silver and bronze are used in regions where there is an abundance of the mineral.

Answer 17

Carving

Question 18

These may be folk dances and music which are developed by an individual or groups of people that reflect their traditions and culture

Answer 18

Performing Art

Question 19

It refers to the traditional oral literature of various ethnic groups of the country. It includes the story of “Malakas at Maganda” and epics such as “Hudhud ni Aliguyon,” “Darangan,” and the likes.

Answer 19

Literature

Question 20

Graphic arts are mainly two-dimensional (2D), like sketching, painting, photography, and calligraphy. Plastic arts include sculpture or ceramics which have three dimensions (3D).

Answer 20

Graphic and Plastic Arts

Question 21

It is used to embellish parts of a building or object. The Ifugaos have carved Anito figures or Bulul which represent their ancestral spirit and granary gods. The bulul is placed in the rice granaries to guard their harvest. On the other hand, the Kapampangans are famous in their parol, an iconic symbol of the Filipino Christmas.

Answer 21

Ornament

Question 22

Native Filipinos created pottery since 3500 years ago. These potteries serve as a secondary burial jars to hold the deceased. Some of these were decorated with anthropomorphic designs.

Answer 22

Pottery

Question 23

It is a secondary burial jar found in the early 1960’s in Manunggul Cave, Lippun Point, Palawan. The upper portion of the jar is incised with curvilinear scroll designs and painted with natural iron or hematite. On top of the lid is a boat with two human figures representing two souls on a voyage to the afterlife. The boatman is seated behind a figure whose hands are crossed on the chest. The position of the hands is a traditional Filipino practice observed when arranging the corpse.

Answer 23

Manunggul Jar

Question 24

Earthenware pots resembling human figures were found in Ayub Cave in Pinol, Maitum, Saranggani Province. The pots were dated to the Metal Age (5 BC – 225 AD) and were used for secondary burial. There were 29 jars discovered and each of head-shaped covers portrays different kinds of expressions: sadness, joy, contentment. The heads were either plain or coated with red or black paints. Some have earrings, others are tattooed. Some covers depict teeth while others have arms, female breasts, and male genitalia.

Answer 24

Maitum Anthropomorphic Potteries