Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FALL2 NEURO > traditional approaches > Flashcards

traditional approaches Flashcards

Brunnstrom, PNF, NDT

1
Q

What is the Brunnstrom approach?

A

patients progress through sequences of recovery and may plateau

treatment aimed at progressing patient through stages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Group of muscles that work together as a bound unit in a primitive/automatic way
Present at spinal cord level

A

movement synergies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

postural/attitudinal reflexes are…

A

present in adults with and without brain damage

*the position of the patient may influence movement ability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

example of postural/attitudinal reflex

A

Tonic neck reflexes (STNR, ATNR)
Tonic labyrinthian reflexes
Tonic lumbar reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Raimiste’s phenomenon is…

A

an associated reaction!
Resistance to Hip abduction or adduction of noninvolved extremity causes same motion in involved leg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Automatic movements that change the position of a body part when
-another body part moves
-more effort is used
-sneezing/coughing
-artificially stimulated

A

associated reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are Brunnstrom’s stages of recovery?

A

Motor recovery reflects CNS recovery
*may still see aspects of more primitive stages when patient is under stress

recovery can stop at any stage and stages are never skipped.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Brunnstrom Stage 1

A

-nothing
-flaccidity (no reflexes, no voluntary activity, no associated reactions, nothing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Brunnstrom stage 2

A

-DTRs!

-minimum voluntary movement within synergy
spasticity developing!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When are partial limb synergies elicited reflexively?

A

-stage 2 Brunnstrom (DTRs and developing spasticity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Brunnstrom stage 3

A

-SPASTIC SYNERGIES
-Perform basic synergies voluntarily (maybe not full ROM)
-*spasticity at PEAK MAX LEVELS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Brunnstrom stage 4

A

-DECREASE AND OUT
-spasticity starts to decrease
can perform MINIMUM movement out of synergy (1 joint)

-*knee extension with hip abduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Brunnstrom stage 5

A

-decrease in spasticity continues
-basic synergies lose dominance over movement
-can perform some movement combos outside of synergies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Brunnstrom stage 6

A

SLIGHTLY SLOW SIX
Slight remnants of spasticity
Isolated mm action with variety of mvmt patterns
Slow speed/coordination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Brunnstrom stage 7

A

NORMAL no spasticity, restoration of normal movement and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The activation of the neuromuscular system through stimulation of the proprioceptors

A

PNF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Therapists can enhance a patient’s voluntary control by stimulating a deficient neuromuscular system.
Which technique does this premise belong to?

A

PNF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why do patients need input through PNF?

A

input given to know:
1. where limbs are in space
2. what speed of movement is required
3. what force is needed
4. what mm are needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A patient’s efferent motor response will be specific to the afferent sensory input applied.
What philosophy is this?

A

PNF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Patients have physical potential, the amount of which may be unknown.
Patients need repetitions for motor learning.
What philosophy is this?

A

PNF

20
Q

For maximal learning, keep activities as functionally relevant as possible.
What philosophy is this?

A

PNF

21
Q

What are the main purposes of PNF?

A
  1. strengthen mm
  2. develop increased PROM/AROM mobility
  3. promote motor learning
  4. improve functional movement
22
Q

Contraction of _____ will allow immediate relaxation of same muscle

A

antagonist *autogenic inhibition

23
Q

Maximum effort of antagonists will overflow into agonists if reversal of direction is quick

A

successive induction

24
Q

Maximum effort of stronger muscles within a pattern facilitate or overflow into weaker muscles.

A

irradiation

25
Q

What are the 7 commandments of PNF?

A
  1. manual contacts
  2. commands/communication
  3. stretch
  4. traction/approximation
  5. max resistance
  6. normal timing
  7. reinforcement
26
Q

manual contacts, PNF

A

hands are used to stimulate specific groups of mms and to direct the line of movement

27
Q

commands/communication of PNF

A

tone, prep instructions
ACTION COMMANDS that are short, directive, timed with movement

28
Q

stretch, PNF commandment

A
  1. activation of muscle spindles stimulates agonist
  2. body positioned in lengthened range at first
  3. quick stretch to elongated mm adds reflexive component to movement initiation
29
Q

Traction/approximation (PNF)

A

Traction facilitates movement
Approximation facilitates stability

30
Q

maximum resistance, PNF

A

Max resistance is what the patient can take (not what you can deliver) without “breaking” the mvmt pattern or the hold
*Resistance can be graded to maximize pt’s response

31
Q

Normal timing, PNF

A
  1. Distal to proximal movement
  2. Allow rotation to occur earliest in pattern
  3. Excessive therapist resistance can interfere with normal timing
32
Q

Reinforcement, PNF

A

Can use “timing for emphasis” or combinations of patterns to increase the strength of a response

33
Q

stages of motor control (PNF)

A
  1. mobility (isotonic)
  2. stability (isometrics)
  3. controlled mobility/dynamic postural control (ability to change position while maintaining postural stability)
  4. skilled mobility
34
Q

PNF stage of motor control:
1. mobility

A

ISOTONICS, need enough ROM and motor unit activation
1. strengthening
2. lengthen shortened muscles
3. get the full motion going

35
Q

PNF strengthening techniques to enhance mobility

A
  1. Repeated contractions
  2. Hold-relax-active-motion
  3. Reversal of antagonists/slow reversals
  4. Timing for emphasis
36
Q

PNF technique to lengthen shortened muscles

A
  1. Hold/contract-relax (with passive repositioning)
  2. Hold/contract-relax active contraction
37
Q

What do you use for “getting the full motion going” in PNF technique to enhance mobility?

A

rhythmic initiation

38
Q

Isometric contractions
Ability to hold a body position in an anti-gravity posture

A

stability/static postural control

39
Q

2 PNF techniques to enhance stability

A
  1. Reversals of isometrics/alternating isometrics
  2. Rhythmic stabilization
40
Q

Ability to change position while maintaining postural stability

A

controlled mobility/dynamic postural control

41
Q

what are techniques for controlled mobility/dynamic postural control?

A

slow reversals/reversals of isotonics

42
Q
  1. Coordinated movements that allow interaction with environment
  2. Movements are task specific, precisely timed and directed, can continue for extended periods, and can be combined with other movements.

Example: proximal stability with distal mobility

A

skilled mobility

43
Q

2 PNF techniques for skilled mobility

A
  1. normal timing
  2. agonist reversals
44
Q

Sequence of movements that progressively challenges the patient to control more body segments/weight against gravity

*these are functional training exercises, like rolling, prone progression, sitting, kneeling, standing

A

developmental activities

45
Q

What is NDT?

A

Is a neuromuscular and functional reeducation treatment approach that now also includes neuroplasticity as a basis of how the brain can change and reorganize itself and its processes based on practice and experiences during recovery and rehabilitation.

46
Q

You cannot superimpose efficient movement on

A

abnormal postural alignment
*NDT philosophy

consider alignment at
beginning
during
end

47
Q
A

FALL2 NEURO (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions