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FALL2 NEURO > MCML > Flashcards

MCML Flashcards

1
Q

What 4 things are stored into memory schema after movement?

A
  1. initial movement conditions
  2. parameters used in general motor program
  3. knowledge of results
  4. sensory consequences of movement
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2
Q

classical conditioning

A

conditioned stimulus causes response

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3
Q

operant conditioning

A

behaviors rewarded tend to be repeated (punished, not)

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4
Q

procedural learning

A

learning tasks that can be performed without attention (habit)

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5
Q

declarative learning

A

knowledge that can be recalled, requires awareness, attention, and reflection

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6
Q

Why are transitions important?

A

period of stability and instability (instability after brain injury-push chronic patients into instability!)

*use it to increase performance in variability and PROBLEM SOLVING

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7
Q

What is gordon’s investment principle?

A

task oriented theory
old strategy gets you this far—
new strategy gets you farther
PATIENT MAY THINK THEY ARE GETTING WORSE, BUT ITS BETTER LONG TERM

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8
Q

Stages of motor learning: Fitts and Posner

A
  1. cognitive stage
  2. associative stage
  3. autonomous stage
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9
Q

What is the cognitive stage of motor learning (fitts and posner)

A

1st stage
conscious process of task
lots of errors and variability

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10
Q

what is associative stage of motor learning?

A

selection of best strategy for task, begin to refine the skill
performance less variable, more accurate

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11
Q

what is the autonomous stage of motor learning?

A

minimal attention required
error detection is present
STABLE PERFORMANCE

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12
Q

What does the novice do to control degrees of freedom?

A

simplify movement, less DFs

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13
Q

When does learner begin to release DFs by allowing movement at more joints in a task?

A

advanced

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14
Q

expert ____ degrees of freedom are _____

A

all degrees of freedom released necessary
*most efficient task performance

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15
Q

What does Newell’s theory of learning as exploration state?

A
  1. practice: search for strategies to solve task
  2. perceptual and motor systems are mapped into best task solution
  3. perception has PRESCRIPTIVE (understand goal/movement) and FEEDBACK ROLE (Kof P and K of Results)
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16
Q
  1. Process of acquiring ability for skilled action.
  2. Results from experience or practice.
  3. Cannot be measured directly; is inferred from behavior.
  4. Produces relatively permanent changes in behavior.
A

Learning

17
Q

Level of skill displayed at each trial, transient

A

Performance

18
Q

Knowledge of results is a form of ____ feedback

A

extrinsic feedback regarding the outcome
*give after time to process

19
Q

How can you simplify a task to make it easier?

A
  1. modify environment
  2. contrived activities for impairments, then back to task
  3. can teach compensations
20
Q

____ may be the primary reason that motor deficits remain
*learned non use

A

COMPENSATIONS

21
Q

If I want long term retention, how should I set up my environment?

A

low frequency of feedback
random scheduled
variable practice

22
Q

If I want high performance, how should I set up my environment?

A

high frequency feedback
blocked scheduling
progressive practice

23
Q

What are four types of feedback?

A
  1. interval
  2. ratio (repetitions like after 3 reps)
  3. bandwidth (threshold of correctness)
  4. faded
24
Q

Gentile said there are 3 levels of movement analysis. What are they

A
  1. action level (behavioral outcome)
  2. movement level (mvmt strategy to accomplish behavioral outcome)
  3. neuromotor level (processes contributing to movement)
25
Q

3 components of the task

A

mobility
stability
manipulation

26
Q

2 components of environment

A

regulatory
non reg

27
Q

3 components of individual

A

perception
cognition
action

28
Q

gentile’s taxonomy is a …

A

system for classifying tasks to better understand demands on a person
*environmental context is included
*function the action must fulfill

29
Q

as movement intertrial variability decreases

A

less attention paid to movement
“can do it with eyes closed”
closed skill

30
Q

as movement intertrial variability increases….

A

becomes open skill
*need for attentiveness increases

31
Q

How easily can old behaviors be changed?

A

Attractor wells-depends on how deep it is!

32
Q

Feedback movement…

A

Reactive
Slow
Precise
Unfamiliar tasks
Rely on sensory input used to compare…
(CEREBELLUM, GTOS, MM SPINDLES)

33
Q

Feedforward movement is…

A

Anticipatory, rapid, pre-programmed and general,
FAMILIAR TASKS, not relying on sensory input so much
*BASAL GANGLIA

FALL2 NEURO (8 decks)

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