MCML Flashcards
What 4 things are stored into memory schema after movement?
- initial movement conditions
- parameters used in general motor program
- knowledge of results
- sensory consequences of movement
classical conditioning
conditioned stimulus causes response
operant conditioning
behaviors rewarded tend to be repeated (punished, not)
procedural learning
learning tasks that can be performed without attention (habit)
declarative learning
knowledge that can be recalled, requires awareness, attention, and reflection
Why are transitions important?
period of stability and instability (instability after brain injury-push chronic patients into instability!)
*use it to increase performance in variability and PROBLEM SOLVING
What is gordon’s investment principle?
task oriented theory
old strategy gets you this far—
new strategy gets you farther
PATIENT MAY THINK THEY ARE GETTING WORSE, BUT ITS BETTER LONG TERM
Stages of motor learning: Fitts and Posner
- cognitive stage
- associative stage
- autonomous stage
What is the cognitive stage of motor learning (fitts and posner)
1st stage
conscious process of task
lots of errors and variability
what is associative stage of motor learning?
selection of best strategy for task, begin to refine the skill
performance less variable, more accurate
what is the autonomous stage of motor learning?
minimal attention required
error detection is present
STABLE PERFORMANCE
What does the novice do to control degrees of freedom?
simplify movement, less DFs
When does learner begin to release DFs by allowing movement at more joints in a task?
advanced
expert ____ degrees of freedom are _____
all degrees of freedom released necessary
*most efficient task performance
What does Newell’s theory of learning as exploration state?
- practice: search for strategies to solve task
- perceptual and motor systems are mapped into best task solution
- perception has PRESCRIPTIVE (understand goal/movement) and FEEDBACK ROLE (Kof P and K of Results)
- Process of acquiring ability for skilled action.
- Results from experience or practice.
- Cannot be measured directly; is inferred from behavior.
- Produces relatively permanent changes in behavior.
Learning
Level of skill displayed at each trial, transient
Performance
Knowledge of results is a form of ____ feedback
extrinsic feedback regarding the outcome
*give after time to process
How can you simplify a task to make it easier?
- modify environment
- contrived activities for impairments, then back to task
- can teach compensations
____ may be the primary reason that motor deficits remain
*learned non use
COMPENSATIONS
If I want long term retention, how should I set up my environment?
low frequency of feedback
random scheduled
variable practice
If I want high performance, how should I set up my environment?
high frequency feedback
blocked scheduling
progressive practice
What are four types of feedback?
- interval
- ratio (repetitions like after 3 reps)
- bandwidth (threshold of correctness)
- faded
Gentile said there are 3 levels of movement analysis. What are they
- action level (behavioral outcome)
- movement level (mvmt strategy to accomplish behavioral outcome)
- neuromotor level (processes contributing to movement)
3 components of the task
mobility
stability
manipulation
2 components of environment
regulatory
non reg
3 components of individual
perception
cognition
action
gentile’s taxonomy is a …
system for classifying tasks to better understand demands on a person
*environmental context is included
*function the action must fulfill
as movement intertrial variability decreases
less attention paid to movement
“can do it with eyes closed”
closed skill
as movement intertrial variability increases….
becomes open skill
*need for attentiveness increases
How easily can old behaviors be changed?
Attractor wells-depends on how deep it is!
Feedback movement…
Reactive
Slow
Precise
Unfamiliar tasks
Rely on sensory input used to compare…
(CEREBELLUM, GTOS, MM SPINDLES)
Feedforward movement is…
Anticipatory, rapid, pre-programmed and general,
FAMILIAR TASKS, not relying on sensory input so much
*BASAL GANGLIA
