Trachte Flashcards
Ionic channels in neurons
What are the two general types of ion channels and examples of each?
Voltage gated: Na, Ca, D
Ligand gated: glutamate, GABA, 5HT
Ligand-gated channels
ionotropic
fast action potentials
open briefly
metabatropic receptors
receptor interacts with a GTP-binding protein (GPCR)
Modulates voltage gated channels
enhances K or inhibits Ca channels
THUS they are typically inhibitory
Which drug is sues to increase the synthesis of the neurotransmitter dopamine/norepinephrine?
DOPA –> dopamine (–> norepinephrine –> epinephrine)
Which drug blocks Na channels
lidocaine
The interaction of a neurotransmitter with its receptor can be pharacologically manipulated (as an agonist or antagonist). What are these pharmaceuticals called?
GABA agonists/antagonists (barbiturates, anesthetics, antianxiety)
glutamate
stimulatory neurotransmitter postsynaptically
It can also inhibit neurotransmitter presynaptically–**metabtropic **
Three ionotropic receptors:
AMPA
NMDA
Kainate receptors
All of these ionotropic glutamate receptors are nonselective cation channels allowing Na, K, and some Ca through producing an excititory postsynaptic response
GABAA and GABAC
postsynaptic receptors
ionotropic (fast)
inhibitory
Cl channel, when activated causes hyperpolarization
GABAB
postsynaptic receptor
metabotropic (slow)
inhibitory
activation of K+ channels and inhibition of Cl- channels (bloth cause hyperpolarization)
Benzodiazepines
diazepam (Valium)
chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
tranquilizing (anxiety reducing) drugs
enhance GABAergic transmission by binding to subuints of GABAA receptors
Which drugs would you use to treat epilepsy and how do they work?
Barbituates (phenobarbital and pentobarbital)–hypnotics
Bind to subunits of GABA (general) receptors
postsynaptic inhibition
Serotonin (receptors 5HT3 and 5HT2a and function)
found in neurons in raphe region of the pons and upper brainstem; regulates sleep and weakefulness
important for antipsychotic drugs for depression and anxiety
** 5HT3 (ionotropic and excitatory)**
5HT2a (metabotropic and inhibitory)
Opioids
suppress pain by interacting with µ receptor
decreases Ca++ and cAMP
work in spinal chord
inhibitory neurotransmitter
Memory is associated with what neurotransmitter?
acetylcholine
Motor stimulation is associated with what neurotransmitter?
glutamate
Motor inhibition is associated with what neurotransmitter?
GABA
glycine
norepinephrine
Motor stimulation via inhibition of inhibition is associated with what neurotransmitter?
Dopamine
What neurotransmitter is associated with psychoses?
Dopamine D2 receptor
_________ containing neurons have cell bodies in locus ceoruleus projecting many other places
Norepinephrine
acts via alpha2 receptors to increase potassium conductance
inhibitory
dopamine
inhibitory neurotransmitter on other inhibitory neurotransmitters (disinhibition); movement & psychoses
acetylcholine
inhibitory via muscarinic and stimulatory via nicotinic receptors; involved with memory
glycine
inhibitory neurotransmitter
GABA
major inhibitory neurotransmitter
What neurotransmitter blocks the
