Tracheobronchial Dz In Dogs

Question 1

What are some CS you don't see with TBD?
Cough
Gag
Wheezing 
Expiratory sounds
Tachypnea 
Resp distress
Cyanosis

Answer 1

Expiratory sounds

Question 2

Which multiple pathogen is responsible for canine infectious resp Dz complex (CIRD) aka kennel cough:

Parainfluenza
CAV-2
Mycoplasma spp
Bordetella spp

Answer 2

All of them

Question 3

What do you see on uncomplicated kennel cough cases

Answer 3

Upper airway involvement with a dry cough on tracheal palpation. Serous oculonasal discharge, gagging and retching.

Question 4

Complicated kennel cough involves what

Answer 4

Both the upper and lower airway
It’s a wet cough
Discharge is mucopurulent
Sick

Question 5

With a complicated case, what other Dx may you want to do

Answer 5

Hemogram
Thoracic Rad
Tracheal wash, cytology, and culture
PCR panels

Question 6

How would you treat an uncomplicated case?

Answer 6

Restrict exercise
Use Doxy if its Bordetella
Resolves in 2 wks
Cough suppressants = Butorphanol, hydrocodone, codeine derivative, dexmethorphan

Question 7

How would you treat a complicated case?

Answer 7

Restrict exercise
Systemic AB for 2 weeks = Doxy (#1), enrofloxacin, penicillin
Nebulisation
Cough Suppressants
bronchodilators = Albuterol or theophylline

Question 8

Whats the best AB for Kennel cough

Answer 8

Doxy

Question 9

What are SE you can see with Enrofloxacin

Answer 9

Cat = retina issues

and cartilage damage

Question 10

Is Penicillin a good choice for Bordetella

Answer 10

No, poor concentration in the respiratory secretions and SE are anaphylaxis and GI signs

Question 11

When do you want to avoid Cough Suppressants

Answer 11

Wet cough, if Bact pneumonia is present

Question 12

When should you avoid or reduce bronchodilators

Answer 12

if using it together with fluoroquinolones (reduce by 30% or just avoid)

Question 13

What are the 2 types of vaccines for kennel cough

Answer 13

Parenteral = TH1
Intranasal = IgA

Question 14

Canine Influenza can result in what type of pneumonia

Answer 14

hemorrhagic

Question 15

What Dx test can you use for k9 influenza

Answer 15

PCR, serology, or viral isolation

Question 16

What do you see on the k9 influenza serology

Answer 16

IgG = Ab 
IgM = increases at the beginning and then drops after

Question 17

What are the forms of k9 influenza

Answer 17

Mild/uncomplicated - cough

Severe/complicated - hemorrhagic pneumonia, hemoptysis

Question 18

Are systemic AB needed for k9 influenza

Answer 18

yes in the severe form

Question 19

What parasite affects younger dogs in kennels

Answer 19

Oslerus osleri

Question 20

with Oslerus osleri what do you see on the trachea

Answer 20

cream color nodules

Question 21

How do you Dx Oslerus osleri

Answer 21

Radiographs - tracheal mass
Bronchoscopy - masses
Tracheal brushes or biopsies
Fecal exam

Question 22

What medication is given and how

Answer 22

Fenbendazole - daily for up to 2 weeks

Ivermectin - 1 and then another in 3 wks

Question 23

Whats the typical signalment for tracheal collapse

Answer 23

toy breed, middle age or older, and +/- obese

Question 24

Why does the tracheal collapse

Answer 24

weak cartilage = mechanical irritation, edema and inflammation

Question 25

What are hallmarks of tracheal collapse

Answer 25

Goose honking cough, exacerbated by excitement and elicited by tracheal palpation

Question 26

what else is elicited by tracheal palpation

Answer 26

tracheal collapse and kennel cough

Question 27

Many dogs with tracheal collapse will have ABN values of what

Answer 27

Liver fx (O2 deprived)

*many have a murmur as well

Question 28

how to Dx tracheal collapse

Answer 28

Fluoroscopy and Bronchoscopy (BEST)

Question 29

Get a dog with goose honking cough, what are things you can do if you suspect tracheal collapse

Answer 29

Sedation is often req. 
O2 rich environment 
Use cough suppressant 
Corticosteroid 
and +/- intubation

Question 30

For tracheal collapse, what type of sedation meds are recommended

Answer 30

Acepromazine, butorphanol, or Diazepam (not best for older animals)

Question 31

How long do you want to use corticosteroid for tracheal collapse

Answer 31

short period (3-5 days)

Question 32

What is the inflammation of the bronchial walls that results in thickened walls, increased mucous which results in obstruction of small airways

Answer 32

K9 chronic bronchitis

Question 33

What is the MC CS seen with K9 chronic bronchitis

Answer 33

daily coughing for > 2 months

Question 34

What do you see long term with K9 chronic bronchitis

Answer 34

emphysema (air in lung tissue), bronchiectasis (dilation of bronchi), and pneumonia

Question 35

What are some Dx for K9 chronic bronchitis

Answer 35

exclude other causes of coughing, rads, bronchoscopy, bronchial cytology and culture

Question 36

In a culture, the majority of cells for K9 chronic bronchitis will be

Answer 36

MO and Neutrophil

Question 37

What can we give to a dog with K9 chronic bronchitis

Answer 37

Pred to reduce inflamm
Bronchodilators - only in reversible stage with corticosteroid to get more air
AB if theres a 2o infection
AVOID COUGH SUPPRESSANTS - unless cough is dry or its a collapse
Metered dose inhalers (MDI)

Question 38

When should you use MDIs

Answer 38

first use systemic steroids and once CS are gone then use MDI

Question 39

What is it called when mucous cant be cleared out and it piles up

Answer 39

Bronchiectasis

Question 40

Bronchiectasis, is the dilation of the bronchial tree reversible

Answer 40

Nope its irreversible, mm and elastic tissue is destroyed