Trachea and Lung diseases Flashcards
Non-infectious tracheal diseases (4)
Collapsed trachea
Chronic cardiac disease
Allergic lower airway disease
Prolonged barking
Non-infectious tracheal diseases treatment
Antitussives (Codeine, butorphanol, dextromethorphan)
Broncho-dilating drugs (Theophylline, Aminophylline, terbutaline)
Prednisolone
Nebulization
Infectious tracheobronchitis (5)
Kennel cough complex Distemper Reovirus CHV Mycoplasma
Kennel cough comples (3)
Canine adenovirus 2
Canine parainfluenza virus
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Tracheobronchitis
Proximal cough, gagging,
Can create cough by pinching the trachea
Antitussive (codeine, tramadol), NOT if suspecting bronchopneumonia!
AB: Cephalosporins, amox+clav, doxycycline
(In norway it is not recommended to use AB unless general condition is bad, and if so, trimethoprim is the first choice)
Bronchodilators
Collapsed trachea
Middle aged toy breeds
DV collapse, Aquired, cervical more commen
Extra-thoracic= inspiratory obstructive dyspnoea
Intra-thoracic= expiratory obstructive dyspnoea
Due to failure of chondrogenesis?
I-IV
Goose honk cough
Diagnosis: Fluoroscopy, radiography, bronchoscopy
Treatment: Sedation (butorphanol) Anxiolytics (Acepromazine), O2, GC (Dexamethasone, prednisolone), Antitussive (Butorphanol, hydrocodone), Surgery as last resort.
Tracheal hypoplasia
Congenital
Bulldogs, Boston Terrier
Tracheal parasites
Oslerus osleri (Lungworm) Inspiratory wheezing sound
Diseases of the small airways (5)
Canine chronic bronchitis Bronchiectasis Feline bronchial disease/asthma Airway foreign bodies Bronchial neoplasia
Canine chronic bronchitis
Middle-aged-older dogs, small breeds
Inflammation -> fibrosis & mucous -> inflammation
Airborne allergens ?
Daily cough for more than 2 months, exercise intolerance.
Inspiratory crackles, expiratory wheezing
Bronchial/interstitial pattern, right-sided cardiomegaly
Hyperaemic mm
Treatment: controlled but never cured. Prednisolone, bronchodilators (theophyllin, terbutaline), antitussives (only if inflammation is treated).
Bronchiectasia
Irreversible dilatation of bronchi w/ secretion.
Cocker spaniels.
Response to long-standing inflammation
Loud bronchial sounds, nasal discharge, haemoptysis (cough up blood)
Treatment: If local (lobectomy), bronchodilators. Do not give cough suppressants!
Feline bronchial disease/Feline asthma
Asthma:
Acute reversible narrowing of the airways due to bronchoconstriction. Typically Eosinophilic. Can cause acute distress in the cat. Hacking cough, loud breathing.
Siamese cats!
Ascultation: Harsh lung sounds, crackles, wheezing
Percussion: increased resonance.
Bronchial pattern
Treatment: Sedation (Butorphanol), Anxiolytics (Acepromazine), Brochodilators (Terbutaline), GC
Pulmonary parenchymal diseases (11)
Aspiration pneumonia Acute respiratory distress syndrome Bacterial pneumonia Eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy Lung lobe torsion Pulmonary oedema Pulmonary fibrosis Pulmonary thromboembolism Pulmonary neoplasia Smoke inhalation Viral bronchopneumonia
Bacterial pneumonia (6)
Bordetella E. coli Klebsiella Mycoplasma Pasteurella Pseudomonas
Bacterial pneumonia
Usually secondary
Increased lung sounds crackles or wheezes (+ basic clinical signs)
Viral bronchopneumonia (2)
Distemper
Morbillivirus
Viral bronchopneumonia
Bronchopneumonia, enteritis, encephalitis
Mucopurulent oculo-nasal discharge, fever, lethargy, neurological symptoms (50%)
Seizure control: Diazepam, KBr, phenobarbital
Eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy
Inflammatory disease, aetiology unknown.
Huskies, but all breeds
Nasal discharge, crackling sounds. Green-yellowish mucous
Treatment: GC
Pulmonary oedema
Vascular hydrostatic pressure increased due to left sided congestive heart failure, excessive fluid administration or anuric renal failure.
Plasma oncotic pressure decrease: hypoalbuminaemia
Increased vascular permeability.
Dyspnoea –> cyanosis
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Caused by lung injury or pulmonary capillary permeability increase due to sepsis, pancreatitis, aspiration, shock or microbial pneumonia
Early phase: proteinaceous fluid (can treat with Furosemide)
Late phase: pulmonary hypertension due to increased inflammatory cells
