Trachea and Lower Airway Anatomy

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

What makes a false rib “false”?

Answer 5

It does not directly attach to rib

it articulates to the cartilage above it (i.e., cartilage is a branch off the cartilage above it, see image)

Question 6

Where does the respiratory diaphragm attach?

Answer 6

Inferior margins of ribs 10, 11, 12

xiphoid process

L1, L2, L3

Question 7

Articulation for:

Costal tubercle

(Costal) head

Answer 7

costal tubercle - transverse process of (1) corresponding vertebra

head - demifacets of both the vertebra above it and below it

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

Answer 9

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

movement of ribs during inspiration and expiration

Answer 11

inspiration - superiorly and lateral external rotation

expiration - inferiorly and lateral internal rotation

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

attachments, actions, and innervations of intercostal muscles

Answer 13

attachments - inferior margin of rib just superior to it, superior margin of rib just inferior to it

actions - stiffens thoracic wall during respiration

innervation - intercostal nerves

Question 14

Answer 14

Question 15

Answer 15

Question 16

innervation and spinal levels of the respiratory diaphragm

Answer 16

phrenic nerve

C3, 4, 5 (keeps the diaphragm alive…)

Question 17

Answer 17

Question 18

Answer 18

Question 19

Answer 19

I ate - IVC, T8

10 Eggs - Esophagus, T10

At 12 - aorta, T12

Question 20

name that (diaphragm) hole:

IVC

esophagus

aorta

Answer 20

IVC - caval opening

esophagus - esophageal hiatus

aorta - aortic hiatus

Question 21

Answer 21

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

posterior intercostal artery is a branch of _____

posterior intercostal vein is tributary to _____

Answer 23

posterior intercostal artery is a branch of the aorta

posterior intercostal vein is tributary to the azygos and hemiazygos veins

Question 24

Answer 24

Question 25

Answer 25

Question 26

these arteries supply \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 26

pericardiophrenic, musculophrenic, and superior phrenic (not shown) arteries supply the respiratory diaphragm

Question 27

Answer 27

Question 28

Answer 28

Question 29

sensation from the visceral pleura is provided by ____ fibers of ____ (nerve)

Answer 29

sensation from the visceral pleura is provided by **visceral sensory** fibers of **CN 10**

Question 30

sensation from the parietal pleura is provided by ____ fibers of ____ (nerve)

Answer 30

sensation from the parietal pleura is provided by **somatic sensory** fibers of the **phrenic** and **intercostal** nerves

Question 31

Answer 31

Question 32

Answer 32

Question 33

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Question 34

the trachea branches into \_\_\_\_\_ which branches into \_\_\_\_\_ which branches into \_\_\_\_\_ and eventually \_\_\_\_\_ ending in \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 34

the trachea branches into **right and left main bronchi** which branches into **lobar bronchi** which branches into **segmental bronchi** and eventually **bronchioles** ending in **terminal bronchioles**

Question 35

regions of lung supplied by the same **segmental bronchus** are called \_\_\_\_

Answer 35

bronchopulmonary segments

Question 36

Answer 36

Question 37

what nerves supply the pulmonary plexus and what types of fibers are contained within them?

Answer 37

T2, T3, T4, T5 of the sympathetic chain ganglia - sympathetic motor fibers vagus nerve (CN 10) - preganglionic parasympathetic motor fibers and visceral sensory fibers

Question 38

Answer 38

Question 39

Answer 39

Question 40

Answer 40

Question 41

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Question 42

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Question 43

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Question 44

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Question 45

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Question 46

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Question 47

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Question 48

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Question 49

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Question 50

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Question 51

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Question 52

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Question 53

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Question 54

Answer 54

vestibular cavity = [laryngeal inlet thru vestibular folds) supraglottic cavity = [laryngeal inlet thru vocal folds) = vestibular cavity + vestibuar folds infraglottic cavity = [vocal folds thru cricoid cartilage]

Question 55

Interior mucosa of larynx is supplied by \_\_\_\_, specifically the ____ and the \_\_\_\_

Answer 55

Interior mucosa of larynx is supplied by CN X, specifically the superior laryngeal nerve and the recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 56

the superior laryngeal nerve divides into the \_\_\_\_\_, which supplies the \_\_\_\_\_, and the _____ which supplies the crichothyroid muscle

Answer 56

the superior laryngeal nerve divides into the internal branch, which supplies the supraglottic cavity, and the external branch which supplies the crichothyroid muscle

Question 57

the recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies the \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 57

the recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies the infraglottic cavity

Question 58

fiber types internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

Answer 58

visceral sensory parasympathetic preganglionic secretomotor

Question 59

fiber types recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 59

visceral sensory preganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor

Question 60

Answer 60

superior laryngeal artery is a branch of the superior thyroid artery inferior laryngeal artery is a branch of the inferior thyroid artery

Question 61

Answer 61

the superior laryngeal vein is tributary to the superior thyroid vein the inferior laryngeal vein is tributary to the inferior thyroid vein

Question 62

the superior laryngeal arteries/veins supply/drain the \_\_\_\_\_ the inferior laryngeal arteries/veins supply/drain the \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 62

the superior laryngeal arteries/veins supply/drain the **supraglottic cavity** the superior laryngeal arteries/veins supply/drain the **infraglottic cavity**

Question 63

the laryngeal vasculature runs alongside ____ fibers from the \_\_\_\_

Answer 63

the laryngeal vasculature runs alongside **postganglionic sympathetic motor** fibers from the **superior and middle cervical ganglia**

Question 64

Answer 64

Question 65

action and innervation of C:

Answer 65

the cricothyroid muscle: stretches and tenses the vocal folds is innervated by the **external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve**

Question 66

Answer 66

Question 67

innervation and actions of D

Answer 67

posterior cricoarytenoid: **aBducts** vocal folds is innervated by the **recurrent laryngeal nerve**

Question 68

innervation and actions of A

Answer 68

lateral cricoarytenoid: **aDducts** vocal folds is innervated by the **recurrent laryngeal nerve**

Question 69

innervations and actions of A

Answer 69

transverse interarytenoid narrows the **rima glottitis** is innervated by the **recurrent laryngeal nerve**

Question 70

innervation and actions of A

Answer 70

oblique interarytenoid: **closes** the laryngeal inlet innervated by the **recurrent laryngeal nerve**

Question 71

innervation and action of B

Answer 71

thyroarytenoid: **relaxes** vocal folds innervated by **recurrent laryngeal nerve**

Question 72

innervation and actions of B

Answer 72

vocalis: alters tension of **vocal folds** innervated by **recurrent laryngeal nerves**