GI anatomy Flashcards by Emma Moulton | Brainscape

Q

parts of stomach

A

pylorus
body
fundus

greater curvature
lesser curvature

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Q

arteries of greater and lesser curvature

A

greater curvature: right and left gastric arteries

lesser curvature: right and left gastroepiploic arteries

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Q

left gastroepiploic artery

A

in lesser curvature
branch of splenic artery

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Q

right gastroepiploic artery

A

in lesser curvature
branch of gastroduodenal a.
which branches from common hepatic a.

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Q

parts of small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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Q

structures of inferior surface of liver

A

gallbladder
cystic duct
common hepatic duct
common bile duct

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Q

parts of pancreas

A

head
neck
body
tail

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Q

arterial supply tail of pancreas

A

branches of splenic artery

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Q

arterial supply head of pancreas

A

pancreatic-duodenal arteries

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Q

4 lobes of liver

A

right
left
caudate - inferior aspect
quadrate - inferior aspect

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Q

ligaments of liver

A

falciform ligament

to anterior body wall
vertical, between lobes

coronary ligament

to diaphragm
horizontal, above liver

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Q

components of porta hepatis

A

proper hepatic artery
portal vein
common bile duct

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Q

tributaries of portal vein

A

superior mesenteric vein
splenic vein

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Q

between duodenum and jejunum

A

duodeno-jejunal junction

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Q

between ileum and cecum

A

ileocecal junction

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Q

cecum

A

pouch at beginning of ascending colon

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Q

parts of colon

A

cecum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
(rectum)

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Q

bend of ascending colon

A

hepatic flexure

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Q

transverse colon is between ____

A

hepatic and splenic flexures

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Q

appendix

A

extends from cecum
may be retrocecal or pelvic
other orientations also possible

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Q

SMA

A

superior mesenteric artery
unpaired branch of aorta
emerges from under pancreas and goes over duodenum

one part of duodenal “sandwich” (other being celiac artery)

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Q

intestinal branches of SMA

A

ileocolic artery: ileocecal area
middle colic: transverse colon
right colic artery: ascending colon

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Q

arterial supply of ileocecal area

A

ileocolic artery
- intestinal branch of SMA

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Q

arterial supply of transverse colon

A

middle colic artery
- intestinal branch of SMA

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Q

arterial supply of ascending colon

A

right colic artery
- intestinal branch of SMA

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Q

SMV is tributary to

A

portal vein
which is tributary to IVC

(SMV = superior mesenteric vein)

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Q

bend of transverse colon near spleen

A

splenic flexure

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Q

structure of descending colon

A

tenia coli = smooth muscle running along length, look almost like tendons

haustra = sacs

epiploic appendages = small, fat-filled sacs

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Q

S shaped part of colon, after descending colon

A

sigmoid colon

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Q

inferior mesenteric artery

A

unpaired branch of aorta
superior to bifurcation of aorta

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Q

unpaired branches of aorta

A

superior to inferior:

Celiac artery
superior mesenteric artery
inferior mesenteric artery

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Q

arterial supply of left splenic flexure

A

left colic artery

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Q

arterial supply of sigmoid colon

A

sigmoidal arteries

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Q

anastomosis of middle and left colic arteries

A

marginal artery

(middle = branch of SMA; left = branch of IMA)

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Q

clinical significance of marginal artery

A

aortic dissection repair
inferior mesenteric artery may need to be removed so anastomosis allows hindgut to still receive blood supply, now mostly from SMA

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Q

inferior mesenteric vein is tributary to ____

___ and ___ are tributary to inferior mesenteric vein

A

…

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Q

arterial supply of foregut

A

celiac artery

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Q

arterial supply of midgut

A

SMA

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Q

arterial supply of hindgut

A

inferior mesenteric artery

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Q

nerve supply of foregut

A

celiac plexus

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Q

nerve supply of midgut

A

superior mesenteric plexus

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Q

nerve supply of hindgut

A

inferior mesenteric plexus

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Q

tributaries of common bile duct

A

cystic duct (gallbladder) and common hepatic duct (liver)

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Q

branches of celiac trunk

A

left gastric artery
splenic artery
common hepatic artery, branches to:
- hepatic artery proper
- gastroduodenal artery

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Q

trace tributaries of portal vein through to IVC

A

superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein to portal vein

portal vein to liver for detox

hepatic veins drain liver
they are tributary to IVC

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A

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Q

nerve and arterial supply to the mucosa over the hard palate

A

greater palatine nerve (branch of PPG)

greater palatine a. (branch of descending palatine a.)

Q

nerve and arterial supply to mucosa over soft palate

A

lesser palatine nerve (branch of PPG)

lesser palatine a. (branch of descending palatine a.)

Q

muscle of uvula

A

muscularis uvuale

Q

also function of indicated muscle

A

tenses soft palate during swallowing

Q

also function

A

elevates soft palate during swallowing

Q

also, name when covered with mucosa

A

when covered with mucosa, palatopharyngeal arch

Q

innervation musculus uvulae

A

CN 9 via 10

Q

innervation levator veli palatini

A

CN 9 via 10

Q

palatopharyngeus innervation

A

CN 9 via 10

Q

palatoglossus innervation

A

CN 9 via 10

Q

innervation tensor veli palatini

A

medial pterygoid nerve of CN V3

Q

A

Q

A

Q

where to find glossopharyngeal nerve CN 9

A

deep to palatine tonsil

Q

also function

A

myeLo-hyoid

depresses mandible

Q

innervation myeLohyoid

A

nerve to myeLohyoid

Q

also function

A

ge-nI-o-hyoid

depresses mandible

Q

A

Q

also fx

A

hYO-glossus

depresses and retracts tongue

Q

hYOglossus innervation

A

hyPO-glossal nerve (CN 12)

Q

also fx

A

elevates posterior corners of tongue to create central trough during swallowing

Q

styloglossus innervation

A

CN 12 hypoglossal nerve

Q

also fx

A

constricts oropharyngeal isthmus

Q

palatoglossus innervation

A

CN 11 glossopharyngeal via CN 10

Q

A

genio-GLOSSUS

depresses and protrudes the tongue

Q

genio-GLOSSUS innervation

A

CN 12 hypoglossal nerve

Q

orientations of intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

superior longitudinal fibers

inferior longitudinal fibers

vertical fibers

transverse fibers

(ID by location)

Q

A

Q

A

Q

A

Q

A

Q

fiber types lingual nerve

A

para pre (before submandibular ganglion; back of tongue)
para post (after submandibular ganglion)
special sensory taste fibers
somatic sensory fibers

Q

what lingual nerve innervates

A

submandibular, sublingual, minor salivary, and mucus glands

Q

lingual nerve branches from

A

chorda tympani

Q

A

Q

the lingual nerve passes ____ to the submandibular duct

A

inferior to

(it is superior prior to crossing and travels more medial-anteriorly while submandibular duct is more anteriorly)

Q

A

Q

A

Q

A

Q

innervation oral part of tongue

A

somatic sensory from lingual nerve from CN V3

special sensory taste from lingual nerve from chorda tympani from CN 7

para post from lingual nerve from chorda tympani from CN 7

Q

innervation pharyngeal part of tongue

A

visceral sensory

special sensory taste

both from CN 9 glossopharyngeal and CN 10 vagus

Q

A

Q

A

Q

A

Q

A

Q

also action and innervation

A

CN V3

closes jaw by elevating mandible

Q

also action and innervation

A

closes jaw by elevating mandible + retraction of mandible

CN V3 trigeminal

Q

A

Q

also innervation and actions

A

protrusion and lateral movement of mandible

CN V3

Q

also innervation and actions

A

elevation and lateral movement of mandible

CN V3

Q

also fiber types

A

inferior alveolar nerve: somatic sensory

nerve to mylohyoid: somatic sensory + branchial

Q

also fiber types

A

somatic sensory

Q

A

Q

A

Q

long buccal nerve fiber types and what it innervates

A

somatic sensory

mucosa on inside of cheek and skin on outside of cheek

Q

A

Q

inferior alveolar artery is a branch of

A

maxillary artery

Q

A

hyoid bone

Q

A

Q

A

Q

A

Q

A

Q

A

Q

A

Q

A

Q

A

Q

A

Q

A

Q

A

Q

A

Q

A

Q

A

Q

layers of anterior abdominal wall superficial to deep

A

skin

Camper’s fascia

Scarpa’s fascia

abdominal muscles (rectus abdominus, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominus)

transversalis fascia

thin adipose layer

parietal peritoneum

Q

A

Q

A

Q

A

Q

A

Q

A

mesoappendix

Q

A

mesocolon

Q

celiac plexus innervates

A

foregut

Q

SM plexus innervates

A

midgut

Q

IM plexus innervates

A

hindgut

Q

fibers of celiac plexus

A

para pre motor from vagus

symp pre from thoracic splancnic

symp post

visceral sensory

Q

fibers of SM plexus

A

para pre from vagus

symp pre from thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves

symp post

visceral sensory

Q

fibers of IM plexus

A

para pre from pelvic splanchnic

symp pre from lumbar splanchnic

symp post

visceral sensory

Q

A

Q

A