Traceability and Transparency Flashcards

1
Q

Define Traceability.

A

The act of taking a product and tracing its origin and its place in the supply chain.

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2
Q

Define Transparency.

A

Being open and honest about what your brand is and does.

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3
Q

What is sustainability underpinned by?

A

Transparency.

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4
Q

Give an example of a company that prides themselves on transparency and traceability.

A

M&S now have an interactive map showing where their products are made.

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5
Q

Where is most of the water embedded in clothing taken from?

A

Water scarce areas such as India Pakistan and Turkmenistan.

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6
Q

Why is Champagne ultimately reliant on traceability for its validity?

A

Because the only way to prove champagne is actually champagne is thorough tracing it to the designated champagne region of France.

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7
Q

Is sustainability without transparency and traceability possible?

A

The consumer cannot make an executive or well informed decision about whether or not a product is sustainable without knowing about every stage in the production chain.

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8
Q

How do stakeholders influence T&T?

A

Increased stakeholders are affirming that businesses must be transparent.

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9
Q

What are the impacts of NGO led transparency?

A

They are able to apply pressure to brands - encouraging transparency - through this process they can influence moral boycotting and positive buying.

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10
Q

What are the 5 categories that companies were sorted into regarding T&T by the Labour behind the label?

A
  1. Nothing to say.
  2. Dragging their feet.
  3. Could do better.
  4. Some effort.
  5. On the way.
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11
Q

What are those companies that refuse to respond labelled with?

A

A precautionary principle.

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12
Q

Give an example of sustainable cotton sourcing?

A

Responsible sourcing network: Plan A 2020 - 70% of cotton from sustainable sources.

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13
Q

What is Greenpeace’s detox campaign?

A

The campaign involves trailing new standards for merchandising T-shirts and other textiles - it is dedicated to zero discharge.

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14
Q

What are the seven themes by Behind the Brand (Oxfam) and how important are each?

A

All equally important:

  1. Transparency at a corporate level.
  2. Women farm workers and small-scale producers in the supply chain.
  3. Workers on farms in the supply chain.
  4. Farmers (small-scale) growing the commodities.
  5. Land, both rights and access to land and sustainable use of it.
  6. Water, both rights and access to water resources and sustainable use of it.
  7. Climate, both relating to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and helping farmers to adapt to climate change.
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15
Q

How do businesses verify sustainability?

A

Traceability allows the monitoring of products and materials as they travel through the supply chain to assess the social and environmental practices.

Third party audits make verification claims about materials.

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16
Q

What are the 3 steps in carrying out traceability?

A
  1. Products Segregation.
  2. Mass balance.
  3. Book and claim.
17
Q

What are the 2 ways by which products can be segregated?

A
  1. Identity preservation (IP) requires segregation of the certified material from non-certified.
  2. Bulk Commodity: Separates certified from non-certified materials but allows mixing of certified materials from different producers.
18
Q

What is ‘mass balance’?

A

Certified and non certified materials can be mixed. However the exact volume entering the chain must be controlled.

19
Q

What is ‘mass balance’ used for?

A

Used for products and commodities where segregation is very difficult or impossible to achieve, such as cocoa, cotton, sugar and tea.

20
Q

Explain what is meant by ‘book and claim’.

A

Relies on a link between volumes of the certified material produced at the beginning of the supply chain and the amount of certified product purchased at the end of the value chain.

21
Q

What do commodities allow for?

A

Enable the purchase and selling of sustainable commodities with the need for costly or impossible segregation and racing through complex systems.

22
Q

How can we distinguish between fair trade and organic?

A
  1. Farm certificate.
  2. Scope certificate.
  3. Transaction certificate.
    (A product needs all of these to be verified)
23
Q

Give an example of an issue with using certificates to validate products?

A

They can be forged for e.g. H&M.

24
Q

What are the changes to consumerism since T&T has risen in importance?

A

People worry more, people trust less, they know more and they are confronted more.

25
Q

Why is Traceability important?

A
  1. Consumer empowerment.
  2. Brand reputation.
  3. Legislation.
  4. Standards.
  5. Innovation.
  6. Sustainability.
  7. Cost saving.
  8. Strategic Supply Chain Management.
26
Q

What is the Intention Behaviour Gap?

A

Intention is modulated by values, beliefs, attitudes and context - therefore behaviour is complex and is difficult to predict.