Dimensions of sustainability Flashcards

1
Q

What does water have?

A

Uneven ability.

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2
Q

How many litres of water does it take to make a pair of jeans?

A

7,000 litres.

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3
Q

What % of the Earth’s water is available for us to drink.

A

3%

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4
Q

How much water is used for toilet flushing as a pose to drinking?

A

30% = flushing

4% = drinking

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5
Q

What was Capetown’s day zero?

A
  • In 3 years they had almost no rain = drought.
  • Plan to turn off all water sources for one day to combat depletion of water.
  • Limited to 25 litres were available from collection points on this day.
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6
Q

What were the impacts of Capetown’s day zero?

A
  • People became more water conscious.
  • Illegal car washers became a big issue.
  • Water consumption was reduced to a third and day zero was pushed back.
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7
Q

Could the need for day zero have been avoided?

A
  • Perhaps through the use of a precautionary principle.
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8
Q

How does deforestation link to the concept of dimension?

A

It can be measured.

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9
Q

What impacts or dimensions is deforestation linked to?

A

Soil degradation, habitat loss, loss of indigenous land rights, child labour, GMO’s, conflicts surrounding timber.

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10
Q

Give an example of a deforestation campaign.

A

Barbie and Ken - Mattel x Greenpeace.

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11
Q

Give an example of the precautionary principle not being applied?

A

The Ozone Layer.

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12
Q

Is water evenly distributed?

A

No, the UK use 154 litres per capita compared with India who use only 10 litres per capita.

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13
Q

Give an example of one dimension.

A

Deforestation.

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14
Q

Give an example of eutrophication.

A

Hyper fertilisation. Agricultural fertiliser which leads to accumulation of nutrients in water courses, causing excessive algae growth, which in turn results in oxygen depletion n water and the death of fish.

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15
Q

What does eutrophication/hyper-fertilisation link to?

A

Malthus theory of population and food production.

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16
Q

Give an example of two social dimensions.

A

Working conditions and labour rights.

17
Q

What is an ETI based code?

A

Ethical Trade Initiative.

Used to drive forward for better working conditions in the world.

18
Q

Explain the Apple scandal.

A

Apple has 1 million workers, long shifts sometimes of 36 hours - workers became depressed and suicidal.

90 million iPhones produced with 17 suicides.

19
Q

How did Apple attempt to tackle the suicide issue?

A

Put grills on the windows - however this was unsuccessful as people jumped from the windows instead.

20
Q

Explain how the distribution of Apple’s impacts isn’t ‘fair’ or even.

A

They make $18 bn profit a year, yet the working conditions are terrible and they are paid 70 cents an hour.

21
Q

How can we measure different impacts (2 ways)?

A
  1. Intergenerational Impacts.

2. Product lifecycle: material extraction, energy, consumption, waste, discharge.

22
Q

Briefly outline the product lifecycle.

A
  1. Pre-production.
  2. Production.
  3. Distribution.
  4. Use.
  5. End of Life.
23
Q

What are the 2 different types of resources?

A
  1. Primary/Virgin.

2. Secondary/recycle post-industrial/pre-consumer.

24
Q

What is involved in pre-production activities?

A
  1. Acquisition of resources.
  2. Delivery to production areas.
  3. Transformation of raw materials to energy.
25
Q

What do pre-production activities include?

A
  1. Acquisition of resources.
  2. Delivery to the production area.
  3. Transformation into raw materials or energy.
26
Q

Give the 2 main types of materials of production.

A

Direct: remain in the product.

Indirect: are consumed during the manufacturing process.

27
Q

How are goods often distributed?

A

They’re often not produced in the UK so they use a lot of energy and resources to transport.

28
Q

How can goods be disposed of after their use?

A

Reuse, repair, re-manufacture, recycle, incineration and landfill.

29
Q

What are the impacts of consuming products?

A

Uses resources and energy, leaves behind refuse and waste.

30
Q

What are the impacts of landfill on nature’s cycles?

A
  1. Disruption of Natural Cycles.

2. Introduction of New Cycles.