Trace Minerals - Iron and Copper Flashcards
What % of iron is found in the form of hemoglobin?
70%
Factors that influence Fe absorption (5 - BLAAH)
- Body’s need for iron
- Low phytic acid level in diet
- Acid condition
- Adequate dietary protein
- Histidine and Lysine (most important) chelate FE
for absorption
Functions of Iron (2)
- Cellular Respiration
- Iron as a part of the iron-porphyrin nucleus, heme, is a part of:
cytochrome c
peroxidase
catalases
The utilization of O2 with the resultant formation of CO2 and H2O. Blood carries O2 from the lungs to the cells by hemoglobin binding O2
Cellular Respiration
Symptoms of Iron Deficiency
- Listlessness and wrinkled skin
- Paleness
RBC formed by hemopoeisis/erythropoiesis and are continuously being replaced - IF the # of cells which are required to enlarge the blood supply with growth does NOT OCCUR, what results?
Anemia
Causes of anemia (4)
- Pathological
- Hemorrhagic (acute and chronic) blood loss
- Hereditary
- Nutritional
RBC can be of normal size and normal concentrations of hemoglobin may exist - normocytic, normochromic anemia
Hemorrhage
Available supply of iron is deficient relative to needs - hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Iron-deficiency anemia
Iron-deficiency anemia is NOT common in? and COMMON in?
NOT - Ruminants and Horses
COMMON - High-producing hens (iron lost from body as eggs)
Functions of Copper (5)
- Hemoglobin Synthesis
- Enzyme Activity
- Wool (Wool is “steely” without copper)
- Normal bone formation
- Myelin sheath development
What % of Copper is excreted in the feces?
90% but most is unabsorbed Cu
What happens to an animal that is deficient in Copper?
- Enzootic Ataxia in newborn lambs- sway-back
- Wasting disease
- Falling disease of cattle
- Nutritional anemia
- Graying of black hair and wool (alopecia - hair loss)
What mineral can interfere with Cu metabolism and cause copper deficiency?
Molybdenum
Is there a narrow or broad toxicity range for Copper?
Narrow
Too much causes hemolytic jaundice in sheep
