Trace Minerals Flashcards
what is the best source of Zinc
oysters
what are the trace minerals
Molybdenum chromium copper zinc iron fluoride selenium manganese Iodine
what is a symptom of zinc toxicity
Metallic taste
what results from a zinc defficency
dermatitis
decreased immunity
decreased taste
what form of zinc has decreased absorption
supplements
what is the function of zinc
Folate digestion via conjugase enzyme
superoxide dismutase
a cofactor for 300+ enzymes
what will decrease absorption of zinc
folic acid
what are the functions of copper
collagen cross-linking
superoxide dismutase
ATP generation
what pathology results from a copper toxicity and what is the a classic symptom
Wilson’s disease , classic symptom is kayser-fleischer rings ( copper in the cornea)
what genetic pathology results in a copper deficiency due to an increase in copper excretion and decrease in copper absorption
Menkes syndrom
what is a symtom of copper deficiency
skin depigmentation
what is the function of chromium
insulin secretion
what does a chromium deficiency result in
insulin resistance
what is the function of iodine
part of T4 and T3
what does a iodine deficiency result in
Goiter
what does and Iodine toxicity result in
burning mouth
hypothyroidism
what is the functions of molybdenum
functions as a co-factor for S metabolism and uric acid synthesis
what results from a Molybdenum toxicity
gout
what is the best source of molybdenum
plants
what is the function of manganese
Superoxide dismutase in mitochondria
what is the source of manganese
plants
what results from a toxicity of manganese
Tremors
what is the function of selenium
cofactor for glutathione peroxidase and T4 to T3
what is a symptom of selenosis
Brittle nails
what is the best source of selenium
Brazil nuts
what pathologies result from a Selenium deficiency
Keshan’s Disease (heart disease in kids)
Kashin-Beck’s disease (osteoarthritis)
what trace mineral is highly dependent upon soil content
selenium
what country is selenium deficiency prevalent in
China
what is the function of Fluoride
decrease cavities
strengthen bones
what is the source of fluoride
fluorinated water
toothpaste
what is a toxicity of fluoride called
fluorosis
what occurs with fluorosis
bone pitting
teeth mottling
what occurs with a deficiency of fluoride
cavities
osteoporosis
what is the number 1 nutritional deficiency in the United States
Iron
what are the two types of iron
Nonheme
Heme
what is iron transported out of the enterocyte by
ferroportin
what other trace mineral in needed for ferroportin to work
Copper
what is iron transported as in the blood
transferrin
what is the storage protein of iron
ferritin
where is ferritin found
spleen
liver
bone morrow
enterocyte
what three locations of ferritin are know as iron stores
spleen
liver
bone marrow
what results from an iron toxicity
hemochromatosis
what does hemochromatosis lead to
organ damage
what are symptoms of iron deficiency
fatigue
pallor
decreased immunity
what may result due to iron deficiency
microcytic hypochromic anemia
who is at risk for iron deficiency
6mo- 2yr olds 10-19 yr old males male runners 10-44 yr old females all female athletes
what is the function of heme iron
O2 transport
cytochromes
is heme or non heme iron absorbed more
Heme iron
what are the sources of heme iron
Beef
Fish
how is heme iron absorbed
facilitated diffusion via HCP1
what are sources of nonheme iron
plants and supplements
what is non heme iron digested by
ferrireductase (requires Vit C)
how is non heme iron absorbed
facilitated diffusion using divalent mineral transport (DMT)
do nonheme supplements have an increased or decreased absorption rate
decreased
how much of a trace mineral do we need
<100mg/day
what enzyme does zinc need in order to do collagen cross linking
lysyl oxidase
what mineral is considered an antioxidant
selenium
what does the 3 mean in “T3”
it has 3 iodines
what does the 4 mean in “T4”
it has 4 iodines
what is mottling of teeth
discoloration
what can cause tetany
low vit D, Ca, Mg, K,
High Phosphorus, Na, Fe, Zn, Copper
what enzyme does zinc need in order to do collagen cross linking
lysyl oxidase
what mineral is considered an antioxidant
selenium
what removes iron from HCP1
Heme oxygenase
