Trace Minerals

Question 0

what is the best source of Zinc

Answer 0

oysters

Question 1

what are the trace minerals

Answer 1

Molybdenum
chromium
copper
zinc
iron
fluoride
selenium
manganese
Iodine

Question 2

what is a symptom of zinc toxicity

Answer 2

Metallic taste

Question 3

what results from a zinc defficency

Answer 3

dermatitis
decreased immunity
decreased taste

Question 4

what form of zinc has decreased absorption

Answer 4

supplements

Question 5

what is the function of zinc

Answer 5

Folate digestion via conjugase enzyme
superoxide dismutase
a cofactor for 300+ enzymes

Question 6

what will decrease absorption of zinc

Answer 6

folic acid

Question 7

what are the functions of copper

Answer 7

collagen cross-linking
superoxide dismutase
ATP generation

Question 8

what pathology results from a copper toxicity and what is the a classic symptom

Answer 8

Wilson’s disease , classic symptom is kayser-fleischer rings ( copper in the cornea)

Question 9

what genetic pathology results in a copper deficiency due to an increase in copper excretion and decrease in copper absorption

Answer 9

Menkes syndrom

Question 10

what is a symtom of copper deficiency

Answer 10

skin depigmentation

Question 11

what is the function of chromium

Answer 11

insulin secretion

Question 12

what does a chromium deficiency result in

Answer 12

insulin resistance

Question 13

what is the function of iodine

Answer 13

part of T4 and T3

Question 14

what does a iodine deficiency result in

Answer 14

Goiter

Question 15

what does and Iodine toxicity result in

Answer 15

burning mouth

hypothyroidism

Question 16

what is the functions of molybdenum

Answer 16

functions as a co-factor for S metabolism and uric acid synthesis

Question 17

what results from a Molybdenum toxicity

Answer 17

gout

Question 18

what is the best source of molybdenum

Answer 18

plants

Question 19

what is the function of manganese

Answer 19

Superoxide dismutase in mitochondria

Question 20

what is the source of manganese

Answer 20

plants

Question 21

what results from a toxicity of manganese

Answer 21

Tremors

Question 22

what is the function of selenium

Answer 22

cofactor for glutathione peroxidase and T4 to T3

Question 23

what is a symptom of selenosis

Answer 23

Brittle nails

Question 24

what is the best source of selenium

Answer 24

Brazil nuts

Question 25

what pathologies result from a Selenium deficiency

Answer 25

Keshan's Disease (heart disease in kids) | Kashin-Beck's disease (osteoarthritis)

Question 26

what trace mineral is highly dependent upon soil content

Answer 26

selenium

Question 27

what country is selenium deficiency prevalent in

Answer 27

China

Question 28

what is the function of Fluoride

Answer 28

decrease cavities | strengthen bones

Question 29

what is the source of fluoride

Answer 29

fluorinated water | toothpaste

Question 30

what is a toxicity of fluoride called

Answer 30

fluorosis

Question 31

what occurs with fluorosis

Answer 31

bone pitting | teeth mottling

Question 32

what occurs with a deficiency of fluoride

Answer 32

cavities | osteoporosis

Question 33

what is the number 1 nutritional deficiency in the United States

Answer 33

Iron

Question 34

what are the two types of iron

Answer 34

Nonheme | Heme

Question 35

what is iron transported out of the enterocyte by

Answer 35

ferroportin

Question 36

what other trace mineral in needed for ferroportin to work

Answer 36

Copper

Question 37

what is iron transported as in the blood

Answer 37

transferrin

Question 38

what is the storage protein of iron

Answer 38

ferritin

Question 39

where is ferritin found

Answer 39

spleen liver bone morrow enterocyte

Question 40

what three locations of ferritin are know as iron stores

Answer 40

spleen liver bone marrow

Question 41

what results from an iron toxicity

Answer 41

hemochromatosis

Question 42

what does hemochromatosis lead to

Answer 42

organ damage

Question 43

what are symptoms of iron deficiency

Answer 43

fatigue pallor decreased immunity

Question 44

what may result due to iron deficiency

Answer 44

microcytic hypochromic anemia

Question 45

who is at risk for iron deficiency

Answer 45

``` 6mo- 2yr olds 10-19 yr old males male runners 10-44 yr old females all female athletes ```

Question 46

what is the function of heme iron

Answer 46

O2 transport | cytochromes

Question 47

is heme or non heme iron absorbed more

Answer 47

Heme iron

Question 48

what are the sources of heme iron

Answer 48

Beef | Fish

Question 49

how is heme iron absorbed

Answer 49

facilitated diffusion via HCP1

Question 50

what are sources of nonheme iron

Answer 50

plants and supplements

Question 51

what is non heme iron digested by

Answer 51

ferrireductase (requires Vit C)

Question 52

how is non heme iron absorbed

Answer 52

facilitated diffusion using divalent mineral transport (DMT)

Question 53

do nonheme supplements have an increased or decreased absorption rate

Answer 53

decreased

Question 54

how much of a trace mineral do we need

Answer 54

<100mg/day

Question 55

what enzyme does zinc need in order to do collagen cross linking

Answer 55

lysyl oxidase

Question 56

what mineral is considered an antioxidant

Answer 56

selenium

Question 57

what does the 3 mean in "T3"

Answer 57

it has 3 iodines

Question 58

what does the 4 mean in "T4"

Answer 58

it has 4 iodines

Question 59

what is mottling of teeth

Answer 59

discoloration

Question 60

what can cause tetany

Answer 60

low vit D, Ca, Mg, K, | High Phosphorus, Na, Fe, Zn, Copper

Question 61

what enzyme does zinc need in order to do collagen cross linking

Answer 61

lysyl oxidase

Question 62

what mineral is considered an antioxidant

Answer 62

selenium

Question 63

what removes iron from HCP1

Answer 63

Heme oxygenase