Major minerals Flashcards
how is Calcium absorbed
active transport
Passive Diffusion
what are the Major minerals
Calcium Phosphorus Sodium Potassium Magnesium Chloride
what carrier protein is used to absorb calcium in the small intestine via active transport? what about the in the kidneys?
calbindin 9k in the SI
Calbindin 28k in the kidneys
what are the functions of calcium
bone mineralization
cell signaling
Hypocalcemia leads to what
Tetany
osteoporosis
what are the symptoms of hypercalcemia
Fatigue
constipation
hallucinations
what are the causes of hypercalcemia
high calcium intake
hyperparathryoidism
what is the best source of calcium
Dairy
what is the best source of phosphorus
Animals
what is the function of phosphorus
enzyme regulation
ATP and CAmp
phospholipids
Bone mineralization
hypophosphatemia causes what
Arrhythmias
what does hyperphosphatemia cause
Hypocalcemia causing:
osteoporosis
Tetany
what is the best source of Sodium
NaCl
what is the function of Sodium
Fluid balance
Nerve transmission
what does hyponatremia cause
muscle cramps
what is hypernatremia a excess of
sodium
what is hyponatremia a difficency of
sodium
what does hypernatremia cause
hypertension
hypocalcemia
what is the function of magnesium
Stabilize ATP by use of Co-factor
muscle relaxer
PTH secretion
Bone mineralization
what are the best sources of magnesium
Plants
what results from hypermagnesemia
slurred speech
migraines
what does hypomagnesemia result in
muscle weakness
also leads to hypocalcemia, due to the decrease in PTH, causing a decrease in Vit D activation, and ultimately decreasing Ca absorption
what are the functions Chloride
HCl in gastric juice
Nerve transmission
what is the best sources of potassium
bananas
sweet potatoes
cantalope
what does a sub clinical potassium defficency lead to
hypertension
what is the function of potassium
nerve transmission
fluid balance
what does hypokalemia and hyperkalemia lead to
arrhythmias
what type of minerals are naturally mined
Major minerals
what inhibits the absorption of major minerals
Phytate from Whole grains
Tannins
Oxalate from spinach and legumes
what is the daily intake of major minerals
100mg/day
a high phosphorus intake will do what to calcium absorption
decrease it
how does magnesium stabilze ATP
it hold the phosphates together
what is the RDA and upper intake limit of Sodium? how much do we normally get?
RDA - 1500mg/d
Upper intake - 2300mg/d
we get close to 6000mg/d
