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Nutrition exam 2 > Major minerals > Flashcards

Major minerals Flashcards

0
Q

how is Calcium absorbed

A

active transport

Passive Diffusion

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1
Q

what are the Major minerals

A 
Calcium
Phosphorus
Sodium
Potassium 
Magnesium
Chloride
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2
Q

what carrier protein is used to absorb calcium in the small intestine via active transport? what about the in the kidneys?

A

calbindin 9k in the SI

Calbindin 28k in the kidneys

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3
Q

what are the functions of calcium

A

bone mineralization

cell signaling

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4
Q

Hypocalcemia leads to what

A

Tetany

osteoporosis

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5
Q

what are the symptoms of hypercalcemia

A

Fatigue
constipation
hallucinations

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6
Q

what are the causes of hypercalcemia

A

high calcium intake

hyperparathryoidism

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7
Q

what is the best source of calcium

A

Dairy

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8
Q

what is the best source of phosphorus

A

Animals

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9
Q

what is the function of phosphorus

A

enzyme regulation
ATP and CAmp
phospholipids
Bone mineralization

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10
Q

hypophosphatemia causes what

A

Arrhythmias

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11
Q

what does hyperphosphatemia cause

A

Hypocalcemia causing:
osteoporosis
Tetany

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12
Q

what is the best source of Sodium

A

NaCl

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13
Q

what is the function of Sodium

A

Fluid balance

Nerve transmission

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14
Q

what does hyponatremia cause

A

muscle cramps

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15
Q

what is hypernatremia a excess of

A

sodium

16
Q

what is hyponatremia a difficency of

A

sodium

17
Q

what does hypernatremia cause

A

hypertension

hypocalcemia

18
Q

what is the function of magnesium

A

Stabilize ATP by use of Co-factor
muscle relaxer
PTH secretion
Bone mineralization

19
Q

what are the best sources of magnesium

A

Plants

20
Q

what results from hypermagnesemia

A

slurred speech

migraines

21
Q

what does hypomagnesemia result in

A

muscle weakness
also leads to hypocalcemia, due to the decrease in PTH, causing a decrease in Vit D activation, and ultimately decreasing Ca absorption

22
Q

what are the functions Chloride

A

HCl in gastric juice

Nerve transmission

23
Q

what is the best sources of potassium

A

bananas
sweet potatoes
cantalope

24
Q

what does a sub clinical potassium defficency lead to

A

hypertension

25
Q

what is the function of potassium

A

nerve transmission

fluid balance

26
Q

what does hypokalemia and hyperkalemia lead to

A

arrhythmias

27
Q

what type of minerals are naturally mined

A

Major minerals

28
Q

what inhibits the absorption of major minerals

A

Phytate from Whole grains
Tannins
Oxalate from spinach and legumes

29
Q

what is the daily intake of major minerals

A

100mg/day

30
Q

a high phosphorus intake will do what to calcium absorption

A

decrease it

31
Q

how does magnesium stabilze ATP

A

it hold the phosphates together

32
Q

what is the RDA and upper intake limit of Sodium? how much do we normally get?

A

RDA - 1500mg/d
Upper intake - 2300mg/d
we get close to 6000mg/d

Nutrition exam 2 (2 decks)

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