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Nutrition Exam 3 > Trace Minerals > Flashcards

Trace Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Food sources of iron

A

Heme iron = animal foods: beef, pork, poultry, and seafood
Nonheme = plant and animal foods: dried fruit, vegetables, and whole-grain products

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2
Q

Factors that affect absorption of iron

A
  1. Bodies physiological needs
  2. Diet composition in form of dietary iron intake
  3. Plant-based nonheme iron can be hindered by other compounds found in plants ( oxalates, phytates, tannins, fiber, and calcium)
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3
Q

Major functions of iron

A

Helps form compounds essential to oxygen use - hemoglobin

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4
Q

Deficiency disease of iron

A

Iron deficiency anemia 

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5
Q

Iron deficiency symptoms

A

Red blood cells that are microcytic and hypochromic

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6
Q

Individual at risk for iron deficiency

A

Premature infants, young growing children, teenage girls and women of childbearing age 

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7
Q

Potential toxicities of iron

A

In adults = hemochromatosis
Leading cause of poisoning in children under six years of age 

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8
Q

Food, sources of zinc

A

Meat, milk, and seafood

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9
Q

Factors that affect absorption of zinc

A

Diet composition and bodies need

Increase absorption= amino acids, low to moderate zinc and take

Decrease absorption = phytates and fiber in whole grains, excessive, zinc intake

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10
Q

Major functions of zinc

A

Immune function, wound healing, growth and development

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11
Q

Individuals at risk for zinc deficiency

A

Vegans and vegetarians

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12
Q

Toxicity symptoms of zinc

A

Loss of appetite, diarrhea, and impaired immune function

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13
Q

Food sources of copper

A

Oysters, liver, and shellfish

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14
Q

Factors that affect absorption of copper

A

Increase absorption = dietary copper is low and meat absorption
Decrease absorption = excess intakes of copper, iron, zinc, and phytate intakes are high

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15
Q

Major functions of copper 

A

Ceruloplasmin oxidizes ferrous to ferric and aids in iron metabolism

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16
Q

Individuals at risk of copper deficiency

A

Premature infants

17
Q

Potential toxicities of copper

A

Wilson disease and cirrhosis and neurological damage

18
Q

Food sources of magnesium

A

Whole-grain, cereals, nuts, and tea

19
Q

Factors that affect absorption of magnesium

A

Increase absorption = iron deficiency
Decrease absorption = phytates, oxalates, fiber, nonheme iron, and copper

20
Q

Food sources of fluoride

A

Fluoridated water, tea, seaweed, and fluoridated toothpaste

21
Q

Major functions of fluoride

A

Supports deposition of calcium and phosphorus in teeth and bones
Protects against Dental caries

22
Q

Potential toxicities of fluoride

A

Chronic intake of excessive fluoride results in mottling and fluorosis
Seen in young children swallowing fluoride tablets ( acute toxicity is life-threatening)

23
Q

Food sources of iodine

A

Saltwater seafood, seaweed, iodized salt

24
Q

Factors that affect bioavailability of iodine

A

Decrease bioavailability = goitrogens

25
Q

Major functions of iodine

A

Component of thyroid, hormones that regulate growth and metabolism

26
Q

Deficiency disease of iodine

A

Endemic Goiter and Endemic Cretinism

27
Q

Potential toxicities of iodine

A

Hyperthyroidism and autoimmune thyroid disease

28
Q

Food sources of selenium

A

Varies in relation to soil content
Seafood, meats, and cereals

29
Q

Absorption of selenium

A

Absorption is not affected by bodies stores/ needs 

30
Q

Major functions of selenium

A

Antioxidant function and helps convert T4 to T3

31
Q

Deficiency diseases of selenium

A

Keshan disease

32
Q

Food sources of chromium

A

Broccoli, egg yolks, and beer

33
Q

Major functions of chromium

A

Metabolism of blood glucose and enhances insulin action

34
Q

Moderate alcohol intake vs. Binge drinking.

A

Moderate alcohol intake = 1 standard size drink per day for a woman and 2 standard size drinks per day for a men

Binge drinking = 4 or more drinks for women and 5 or more drinks for men

35
Q

Alcohol absorption

A

No digestion, and is absorbed rapidly ( if ingested with high fat foods absorption is slowed )

36
Q

Alcohol metabolism

A

Metabolism takes top priority over other fuel sources such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats.

Alcohol dehydrogenase pathway (ADH)

37
Q

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy

A

Can result in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD)

38
Q

Effects of alcohol abuse on nutritional status

A

Lead to poor nutritional status and development of nutrient deficiencies

Nutrition Exam 3 (3 decks)

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