Major Minerals & Water Flashcards
What is the best food source for major minerals
Animal sources
What types of food can inhibit absorption
Phytic acid (phytates)-wheat grain, legume fiber, and unleavened breads
Oxalic acid (oxalates) -leafy green plants
Polyphenols (tannins)- tea, dark chocolate, and wine
What are the factors that affect if a mineral will be absorbed
Physiological needs and bioavailability
What are food sources of sodium
Table salt, and processed foods
What are the major functions of sodium
Nerve impulses, muscle contraction, and water balance
Deficiency symptoms of sodium
Muscle cramps and nausea
Deficiency disease of sodium
Hyponatremia
Potential toxicities of excess sodium
Hypertension 
Individuals at risk of sodium deficiency 
Older adults and athletes 
Food sources of potassium
Bananas, potatoes with skin, and beans
Major functions of potassium
Fluid balance, nerve transmission, and muscle contraction
Deficiency disease of potassium
Hypokalemia
Deficiency symptoms of potassium
Muscle cramps, irregular heartbeat, and appetite loss
Potential toxicities of potassium
Hyperkalemia
Who is at risk for potassium deficiency
Someone who has a eating disorder
Toxicity symptoms of potassium
Slowed heart beat
Food sources of chloride
Table-salt and foods, high in sodium
Major functions of chloride
Works with sodium to help maintain ECF volume in aids in the nerve impulse transmission
Potential toxicities of chloride
Hypertension can combine with hypernatremia
Food sources of calcium
Dairy products
Major functions of calcium
Bone formation, tooth formation, and muscles
Deficiency disease of calcium
Osteoporosis
Individual at risk for calcium deficiency
Vegans, vegetarian, lactose intolerant, and people with eating disorders
What age do we reach peak bone mass?
30 years old
